Biological Psychology Exam Test Bank – Kalat
13th Edition Complete Q&A
The two kinds of cells in the nervous system are ___, which receive and transmit information to
other cells, and ___ which do not transmit information.
neurons; glial cells
The outer surface of a cell is called the ___ and the fluid inside the cell is the ___.
membrane; cytoplasm
Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?
Cell body (AKA soma)
Neurons have one ___, but can have any number of ___.
Axon, dendrites.
As a general rule, axons convey information ___.
Away from the cell body.
What is an interneuron?
A neuron that receives all its information from other neurons and conveys impulses only to other
neurons - it just relays.
A neuron that conveys information toward the hippocampus is considered a (an) ___ cell, with
regard to the hippocampus.
Afferent.
A neuron that conveys information away from the hippocampus is considered a (an) ___ cell,
with regard to the hippocampus.
efferent
In the human brain, glia cells are ___.
More numerous than neurons.
What do glia do?
1. Remove waste materials.
2. Build myelin sheaths.
, 3. Guide the growth of axons and dendrites.
They do NOT transmit information.
The difference in voltage between the inside and the outside of a neuron that typically exists is
called the ___.
Resting potential.
What is meant by the term ‘concentration gradient’?
Potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell and sodium ions are more concentrated
outside.
The sodium potassium pump pumps sodium ions ___ and potassium ions ___.
Out of the cell, into the cell
The sodium potassium pump makes which of the following features of a neuron possible?
Resting potential.
When the neuron is at rest, which of the following forces tends to move potassium ions out of the
cell?
Concentration gradient.
If a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a more negative
potential, the result is ___.
Hyperpolarization.
If a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a potential slightly
closer to zero, the result is known as ___.
Depolarization.
A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across it reaches ___.
The threshold
According to the all-or-none law, ___.
The size of the action potential is independent of the strength of the stimulus that initiated it.
For a given neuron, the resting potential is 70 mV and the threshold is 55 mV. Stimulus A
depolarizes the membrane to exactly 55 mV. Stimulus B depolarizes the membrane to 40 mV.
What can we expect to happen?
Stimulus A and stimulus B will produce action potentials of the same size.
,During the entire course of events from the start of an action potential until the membrane returns
to its resting potential, the net movement of ions is ___.
Sodium in, potassium out.
What is the refractory period of a neuron?
A period in which a usually adequate stimulus cannot produce an action potential.
Most action potentials begin ___.
At the axon hillock.
The velocity of an action potential is ___.
1100 m/sec.
The function of a myelin sheath is to ___.
Increase the velocity of transmission along an axon.
What are the nodes of Ranvier?
Interruptions in the myelin sheath.
Where does the abbreviation EPSP stand for?
Excitatory post synaptic potential.
What is an EPSP?
Graded depolarization.
Spatial summation refers to ___.
Adding two stimuli from different sources at the same time.
What is an IPSP?
Temporary hyperpolarization.
The synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules takes place ___.
In either the cell body or the presynaptic terminal, depending on the particular neurotransmitter.
When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what ionic
movement?
Calcium into the cell.
What is the synaptic cleft?
The gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron.
, The occipital lobe is at the ___ of the brain.
Posterior (back)
What isn’t part of the subcortical areas?
Hypothalamus
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system (part of the autonomic NS)?
It prepares the organs for activity & expends energy (as opposed to rest and digest -
parasympathetic nervous system).
The cerebellum has different functions. What are some of these?
1. It plays a role in movement.
2. It plays a role in balance and coordination.
The prefrontal cortex ___.
Is important for working memory.
How does fMRI work?
It shows an image of the brain by measuring blood flow with magnetic fields.
What are the anatomical directions?
· Dorsal – toward the back (think dorsal fin on a shark)
· Ventral – towards the stomach (think Ventriloquist ‘stomach talker’)
· Anterior – towards the front (e.g. the genitals)
· Posterior – towards the back (e.g. the butt)
· Superior – above another part (the head is superior to the torso)
· Inferior – below another part (the torso is inferior to the head)
· Lateral – towards the side, away from the midline (the arms are lateral to the midline)
· Medial – toward the midline, away from the side (the kidneys are medial to the midline)
· Proximal – close to the point of origin or attachment (the finger is proximal to the hand)
· Distal – more distant from the point of origin or attachment (the finger is distal to the
elbow)
· Ipsilateral – on the same side of the body (e.g. the right arm and right leg)
· Contralateral – on the opposite side of the body (e.g. the left arm and right leg)
13th Edition Complete Q&A
The two kinds of cells in the nervous system are ___, which receive and transmit information to
other cells, and ___ which do not transmit information.
neurons; glial cells
The outer surface of a cell is called the ___ and the fluid inside the cell is the ___.
membrane; cytoplasm
Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?
Cell body (AKA soma)
Neurons have one ___, but can have any number of ___.
Axon, dendrites.
As a general rule, axons convey information ___.
Away from the cell body.
What is an interneuron?
A neuron that receives all its information from other neurons and conveys impulses only to other
neurons - it just relays.
A neuron that conveys information toward the hippocampus is considered a (an) ___ cell, with
regard to the hippocampus.
Afferent.
A neuron that conveys information away from the hippocampus is considered a (an) ___ cell,
with regard to the hippocampus.
efferent
In the human brain, glia cells are ___.
More numerous than neurons.
What do glia do?
1. Remove waste materials.
2. Build myelin sheaths.
, 3. Guide the growth of axons and dendrites.
They do NOT transmit information.
The difference in voltage between the inside and the outside of a neuron that typically exists is
called the ___.
Resting potential.
What is meant by the term ‘concentration gradient’?
Potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell and sodium ions are more concentrated
outside.
The sodium potassium pump pumps sodium ions ___ and potassium ions ___.
Out of the cell, into the cell
The sodium potassium pump makes which of the following features of a neuron possible?
Resting potential.
When the neuron is at rest, which of the following forces tends to move potassium ions out of the
cell?
Concentration gradient.
If a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a more negative
potential, the result is ___.
Hyperpolarization.
If a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a potential slightly
closer to zero, the result is known as ___.
Depolarization.
A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across it reaches ___.
The threshold
According to the all-or-none law, ___.
The size of the action potential is independent of the strength of the stimulus that initiated it.
For a given neuron, the resting potential is 70 mV and the threshold is 55 mV. Stimulus A
depolarizes the membrane to exactly 55 mV. Stimulus B depolarizes the membrane to 40 mV.
What can we expect to happen?
Stimulus A and stimulus B will produce action potentials of the same size.
,During the entire course of events from the start of an action potential until the membrane returns
to its resting potential, the net movement of ions is ___.
Sodium in, potassium out.
What is the refractory period of a neuron?
A period in which a usually adequate stimulus cannot produce an action potential.
Most action potentials begin ___.
At the axon hillock.
The velocity of an action potential is ___.
1100 m/sec.
The function of a myelin sheath is to ___.
Increase the velocity of transmission along an axon.
What are the nodes of Ranvier?
Interruptions in the myelin sheath.
Where does the abbreviation EPSP stand for?
Excitatory post synaptic potential.
What is an EPSP?
Graded depolarization.
Spatial summation refers to ___.
Adding two stimuli from different sources at the same time.
What is an IPSP?
Temporary hyperpolarization.
The synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules takes place ___.
In either the cell body or the presynaptic terminal, depending on the particular neurotransmitter.
When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what ionic
movement?
Calcium into the cell.
What is the synaptic cleft?
The gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron.
, The occipital lobe is at the ___ of the brain.
Posterior (back)
What isn’t part of the subcortical areas?
Hypothalamus
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system (part of the autonomic NS)?
It prepares the organs for activity & expends energy (as opposed to rest and digest -
parasympathetic nervous system).
The cerebellum has different functions. What are some of these?
1. It plays a role in movement.
2. It plays a role in balance and coordination.
The prefrontal cortex ___.
Is important for working memory.
How does fMRI work?
It shows an image of the brain by measuring blood flow with magnetic fields.
What are the anatomical directions?
· Dorsal – toward the back (think dorsal fin on a shark)
· Ventral – towards the stomach (think Ventriloquist ‘stomach talker’)
· Anterior – towards the front (e.g. the genitals)
· Posterior – towards the back (e.g. the butt)
· Superior – above another part (the head is superior to the torso)
· Inferior – below another part (the torso is inferior to the head)
· Lateral – towards the side, away from the midline (the arms are lateral to the midline)
· Medial – toward the midline, away from the side (the kidneys are medial to the midline)
· Proximal – close to the point of origin or attachment (the finger is proximal to the hand)
· Distal – more distant from the point of origin or attachment (the finger is distal to the
elbow)
· Ipsilateral – on the same side of the body (e.g. the right arm and right leg)
· Contralateral – on the opposite side of the body (e.g. the left arm and right leg)
