Complete Solution Manual For An Introduction to Physical Science 15th Edition by Shipman, ISBN 978-1337616416 Chapters 1 - 24 Covered, Latest Edition

SOLUTION MANUAL FOR M M




An Introduction to Physical Science 15th Edition James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles
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A. Higgins, Bo Lou
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Chapter 1-24 M




Chapter 1 M




MEASUREMENT
Chapter 1 is important because all quantitative knowledge about our physical environment is bas
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ed on measurement. Some chapter sections have been reorganized and rewritten for clarity. The 1.2
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Section, ―Scientific Investigation,‖ introduces the student to the procedures for scientific investigati
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on. Major terms such as experiment, law, hypothesis, theory and scientific method are introduced. T
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he idea that physical science deals with quantitative knowledge should be stressed. It is not enough t
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o know that a car is going ―fast‖; it is necessary to know how fast.
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A good understanding of units is of the utmost importance, particularly with the metric-
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M British use in the United States today. The metric SI is introduced and explained. Both the metric an
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d the British systems are used in the book in the early chapters for familiarity. The instructor may de
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cide to do examples primarily in the metric system, but the student should get some practice in conve
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rting between the systems. This provides knowledge of the comparative size of similar units in the di
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fferent systems and makes the student feel comfortable using what may be unfamiliar metric units. T
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he Highlight, ―Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure Is,‖ illustrates the importance of unit conversi
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on.
The general theme of the chapter and the textbook is the students’ position in his or her phys
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ical world. Show the students that they know about their environment and themselves through meas
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urements. Measurements are involved in the answers to such questions as, How old are you? How m
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uch do you weigh? How tall are you? What is the normal body temperature?
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How much money do you have? These and many other technical questions are resolved or answered
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by measurements and quantitative analyses.
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DEMONSTRATIONS
Have a meter stick, a yardstick, a timer, one or more kilogram masses, a one-
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liter beaker or a liter soda container, a one-
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quart container, and a balance or scales available on the instructor’s desk. Demonstrate the comparat
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ive units. The meter stick can be compared to the yardstick to show the difference between them, alon
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g with the subunits of inches and centimeters. The liter and quart also can be compared. Pass the kilog
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ram mass around the classroom so that students can get some
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,idea of the amount of mass in one kilogram. Mass and weight may be compared on the balance and sc
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ales.
When discussing Section 1.6, ―Derived Units and Conversion Factors,‖ have class membe
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rs guess the length of the instructor’s desk in metric and British units. Then have several students ind
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ependently measure the length with the meter stick and yardstick. Compare the measurements in ter
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ms of significant figures and units. Compare the averages of the measurements and estimates. Conv
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ert the average metric measurement to British units, and vice versa, to practice conversion factors an
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d to see how the measurements compare.
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Various metric unit demonstrations are available from commercial sources.
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ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTIONS M M M




a. 15 b. 8 c. 10 d. 2 e. 19 f. 14
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M h. 13 M i. 18 M j. 6 k. 11
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p. 4 q. 23
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ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS M M M




1.c 2. b M 3. c M 4. b M 5. b M 6. c M 7. d M 8. b 9. d M M M M 10. c M 11. b M 12. b 13. a 14. b
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ANSWERS TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS M M M




1. biological
M 2. hypothesis
M 3. scientific method
M M 4. sight, hearing
M M 5. limitations
M 6. less
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7. longer
M 8. fundamental
M 9. time or second
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12. mass M 13. less M




ANSWERS TO SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS M M M




1. An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe by which knowledge is acquired an
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d tested.
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2. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and geology. M M M M M




3. The 5 elements of scientific method are:
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1. Observations and Measurements, M M




2. Hypothesis,
3. Experiments,
4. Theory, and M




5. Law.
4. Hypothesis

,5. A law is a concise statement about a fundamental relationship of nature. A theory is a well-
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M tested explanation of a broad segment of natural phenomena.
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6. It illustrates the need to improve the standard of education among the general public and to em
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phasize the importance of a well-developed scientific method.
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7. Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
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8. They have limitations and can be deceived, thus providing false information about our en
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vironment.
9. (a) No. (b) Yes. (c) Lower line.
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10. A fixed and reproducible value.
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11. They are the most basic quantities of which we can think. And they are not dependent on oth
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er physical quantities.
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12. A group of standard units and their combinations.
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13. mile/hour

14. No, the United States is the only major country that has not gone completely metric.
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15. Kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder. M M M




16. Mass. Weight varies with gravity.
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17. Meter-kilogram-second, International System of Units, and centimeter-gram-second. M M M M M M




18. Base 10 easier to use (factors of 10).
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19. kilo- (k), mega- (M), milli- (m), micro- (µ)
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20. Mass of a cubic liter of water.
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21. kg/cubic meter. M




22. Three fundamental quantities generally used are: Length(m), Mass(Kg), and T
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ime(s).
23. The compactness of matter.
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24. It is given a new name.
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25. No. An equation must be equal in magnitude and units.
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26. Yes. And it could be confused with ―meters‖ instead of ―miles.‖
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27. To express measured numbers properly.
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28. The 3 rules for determining significant figures are:
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1. Non-zero digits are always significant, M M M M

, 2. Zeros at the beginning of a number are not significant, M M M M M M M M M




3. Internal or end zeros are significant. M M M M M




For example - 0203.089 have 6 significant figures (2,0,3,0,8,9).
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29. Three.

30. One.


ANSWERS TO VISUAL CONNECTION M M M




a. meter, b. kilogram, c. second, d. mks, e. foot, f. pound, g. second, h. fps
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ANSWERS TO APPLYING-YOUR-KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS M M M




1. Intrinsic properties are invariant. Kilogram cylinder and meterstick are subject to wear, dirt, an
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d change.
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2. A liter, because it is larger than a quart.
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3. Scientific laws describe; legal laws regulate. Scientific laws are about the nature of things; le
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gal laws concern society.
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4. 1 kgf > 1 lbf (force; 1 kgf = 2.2 lbf or 1 kgm = 2.2 lbm); 1 m3 > 1 gal; notable exception is the sl
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ug.
5. No, a man did not buy a new rod because the box has dimensions 3 ft × 4 ft so he put his 5 ft rod d
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iagonally.
6. 1 m = 3.28 ft
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828 m (3.28 ft/m) = 2.72 ×103 ft; 508 m (3.28 ft/m) = 1.67 × 103 ft
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Δ = 1.05 × 103 ft
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ANSWERS TO EXERCISES M M




1. 100,000 cm or 105 cm M M M M




2. 16000 MB M




3. 106 mm3 M




4. 1 m3 = 103 L. 1 m3 = 102 cm x 102 cm x 102 cm = 106 cm3 (1 L/103 cm3) = 103 L = 1000 L
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5. 0.50 L (1 kg/L) = 0.50 kg = 500 g
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6. 15 cm x 25 cm x 30 cm = 11250 g and 11.25 kg
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7. (a) 0.55 Ms = 0.55 × 106 s (b) 2.8 km = 2.8 103 m (c) 12 mg = 12 10–3 g = 1.2 10–5 kg
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(d) 100 cm = 1.00 m
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