LOCAL ANESTHESIA TEST 2 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Exogenous Epinephrine - ....ANSWER ...-absorbed from the site of injection
Endogenous Epinephrine - ....ANSWER ...-release of epinephrine from within
T/F
A stressed/unhappy patient has a lesser release of epi than does a normal patient who
receives an injection - ....ANSWER ...-False
greater release
What're disadvantages to vasodilation - ....ANSWER ...-Increase blood levels of the
anesthetic
Cause inadequate depth of anesthesia
Cause short duration of anesthesia
*Increase bleeding at site of Tx
How does a vasoconstrictor counteract the vasodilation of the local anesthetic -
....ANSWER ...-Decreasing blood levels of local anesthesia
Improving depth of anesthesia
Prolonging duration of anesthesia
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 1
,Decreasing bleeding at Tx site
T/F
Lidocaine and Articaine have significant vasodilation while Mepivacaine and Prilocaine
have minimal vasodilation - ....ANSWER ...-True
Does 4% Prilocaine and 3% Mepivacaine require a vasoconstrictor? -
....ANSWER ...-No
What are the two vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetic drugs -
....ANSWER ...-Epinephrine
Levonordefrin (only in Mepivacaine
What does an adrenergic/sympathomimetics drug do? - ....ANSWER ...-stimulate
adrenergic receptors
increase heart rate
contraction of blood vessels
dilate air passages
What are the two major groups of adrenergic receptors - ....ANSWER ...-Alpha and
Beta
Alpha Receptors - ....ANSWER ...-activation causes vasoconstriction of the smooth
muscle walls of blood vessels
T/F
Alpha is less sensitive to epi than Beta - ....ANSWER ...-True
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 2
,which means it needs a higher dose to produce desired vasoconstriction
What does activation of Beta 1 receptors in myocardium cause? - ....ANSWER ...-
increase heart rate
increase systolic pressure
increase cardiac output
cardiac arrhythmias
What effect does epi have with pacemaker cells - ....ANSWER ...-stimulate beta 2
receptors = increase incidence of dysrhythmias
What effect does epi have on blood pressure - ....ANSWER ...-small dose- increase
systolic
high dose- increase diastolic
What effect does epi have on coronary arteries - ....ANSWER ...-dilation of
coronary arteries
What effect does epi have on the cardiovascular system - ....ANSWER ...-Beta 1
effects
overall decrease in cardiac efficiency
What effect does epi have on the vascular system - ....ANSWER ...-both A and B2
effect
smaller dose- B2 vasodilation
higher dose- A vasoconstriction
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 3
, What effect dose epi have on the metabolic system - ....ANSWER ...-inhibits
insulin secretion ~ raising blood sugar
What effect dose epi have on the CNS - ....ANSWER ...-normal dose- does not
stimulate CNS
overdose- anxiety, nausea, weakness, tremor
What effect does epi have on Hemostasis - ....ANSWER ...-high doses stimulate
alpha receptors resulting in vasoconstriction
Epi's mechanism of Action on the respiratory system - ....ANSWER ...-bronchial
dilation
tx for acute asthma and anaphylactic reactions
What is Epinephrine structurally identical to? - ....ANSWER ...-The naturally
occurring catecholamine epinephrine/ adrenalin
How is the concentration of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics referred to as -
....ANSWER ...-referred to in a ratio
What is the ratio for 1 mg of epi in 1 mL of LA solution? - ....ANSWER ...-1:1000 epi
= 1mg/mL (most concentrated)
Which ratio of solution has the least epinephrine? - ....ANSWER ...-1:200,000
What is 1:50,000 epi used to achieve? - ....ANSWER ...-hemostasis only
can cause sloughing of tissue
What is 1:100,000 used to achieve? - ....ANSWER ...-effective tissue
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Exogenous Epinephrine - ....ANSWER ...-absorbed from the site of injection
Endogenous Epinephrine - ....ANSWER ...-release of epinephrine from within
T/F
A stressed/unhappy patient has a lesser release of epi than does a normal patient who
receives an injection - ....ANSWER ...-False
greater release
What're disadvantages to vasodilation - ....ANSWER ...-Increase blood levels of the
anesthetic
Cause inadequate depth of anesthesia
Cause short duration of anesthesia
*Increase bleeding at site of Tx
How does a vasoconstrictor counteract the vasodilation of the local anesthetic -
....ANSWER ...-Decreasing blood levels of local anesthesia
Improving depth of anesthesia
Prolonging duration of anesthesia
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 1
,Decreasing bleeding at Tx site
T/F
Lidocaine and Articaine have significant vasodilation while Mepivacaine and Prilocaine
have minimal vasodilation - ....ANSWER ...-True
Does 4% Prilocaine and 3% Mepivacaine require a vasoconstrictor? -
....ANSWER ...-No
What are the two vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetic drugs -
....ANSWER ...-Epinephrine
Levonordefrin (only in Mepivacaine
What does an adrenergic/sympathomimetics drug do? - ....ANSWER ...-stimulate
adrenergic receptors
increase heart rate
contraction of blood vessels
dilate air passages
What are the two major groups of adrenergic receptors - ....ANSWER ...-Alpha and
Beta
Alpha Receptors - ....ANSWER ...-activation causes vasoconstriction of the smooth
muscle walls of blood vessels
T/F
Alpha is less sensitive to epi than Beta - ....ANSWER ...-True
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 2
,which means it needs a higher dose to produce desired vasoconstriction
What does activation of Beta 1 receptors in myocardium cause? - ....ANSWER ...-
increase heart rate
increase systolic pressure
increase cardiac output
cardiac arrhythmias
What effect does epi have with pacemaker cells - ....ANSWER ...-stimulate beta 2
receptors = increase incidence of dysrhythmias
What effect does epi have on blood pressure - ....ANSWER ...-small dose- increase
systolic
high dose- increase diastolic
What effect does epi have on coronary arteries - ....ANSWER ...-dilation of
coronary arteries
What effect does epi have on the cardiovascular system - ....ANSWER ...-Beta 1
effects
overall decrease in cardiac efficiency
What effect does epi have on the vascular system - ....ANSWER ...-both A and B2
effect
smaller dose- B2 vasodilation
higher dose- A vasoconstriction
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 3
, What effect dose epi have on the metabolic system - ....ANSWER ...-inhibits
insulin secretion ~ raising blood sugar
What effect dose epi have on the CNS - ....ANSWER ...-normal dose- does not
stimulate CNS
overdose- anxiety, nausea, weakness, tremor
What effect does epi have on Hemostasis - ....ANSWER ...-high doses stimulate
alpha receptors resulting in vasoconstriction
Epi's mechanism of Action on the respiratory system - ....ANSWER ...-bronchial
dilation
tx for acute asthma and anaphylactic reactions
What is Epinephrine structurally identical to? - ....ANSWER ...-The naturally
occurring catecholamine epinephrine/ adrenalin
How is the concentration of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics referred to as -
....ANSWER ...-referred to in a ratio
What is the ratio for 1 mg of epi in 1 mL of LA solution? - ....ANSWER ...-1:1000 epi
= 1mg/mL (most concentrated)
Which ratio of solution has the least epinephrine? - ....ANSWER ...-1:200,000
What is 1:50,000 epi used to achieve? - ....ANSWER ...-hemostasis only
can cause sloughing of tissue
What is 1:100,000 used to achieve? - ....ANSWER ...-effective tissue
....FOR STUDY PURPOSES...©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED... 4
