MFP1501 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Cardinality: expresses the specific number of instances in an entity
2. What are the numbers?: Numbers provide us with a precise way to describe,rep-
resent and reason about quantities
Without the notion of number, we would not be able to communicate specific,detailed
info about collections and quantities of things
3. Types of numbers:: 1.Natural or counting numbers- these are numbers which
we use in our day to day life e.g 1234........
Addition and multiplication of natural numbers again yield a number.
Subtraction and division of two natural numbers may or may not yield a number
Natural numbers are represented on a number track. A number track has no zero
and shows counting numbers.
2. Whole numbers - these are natural numbers with an addition of zero e.g 01234
Whole numbers are represented on a number line.
A number line relies on the ideas of length and distance from 0, and connects all
types of numbers.
3. Integers- is a set of whole numbers together with negative numbers e.g
-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4
4. Rational numbers- a quantity that cannot be represented by a whole number
4. Ordinality and Cardinality of counting Numbers:: Ordinality- counting Num-
bers as a list
Cardinality - counting Numbers as associated with quantity for describing set size
5. Counting Numbers as list: The list starts with 1, and every number in the list has
a unique successor
6. Counting Numbers as associated with quantity: Counting Numbers can be
associated with quantity of a set describing how many things are in the set
## ### ####
234
Counting objects in a set connects Numbers as a list and tells us how many, which
is represented by the last number in the counting list
7. Five principle for counting: 1. Stable order principle - consistently using the
number words in the same order.
2. One-to-one principle - count every item in a set only once, using only one number
word.
,3. Cardinal principle - understand that the last number word used represent the
cardinality of the set
4. Abstraction principle - recognise that any collection of like or unlike items can be
counted as a set
, 5. Order irrelevance - understand that the result is the same,no matter the order in
which the objects are counted.
8. Stages of early number learning (SEAL): Emergent counting
Perceptual counting
Figurative counting
Initial counting
Intermediate counting
Facile counting
9. Stage 0- Emergent counting: The child cannot count visible items. The notion of
counting as an ordered list is still problematic. The child cannot make a one-to-one
correspondence
10. Stage 1 Perceptual counting: The child can perceive and count visible collec-
tions of items, but cannot count or add objects when screened. This stage involves
seeing, hearing or feeling items. The child can make a one-to-one correspondence
11. Stage2- Figurative counting: The child can count items in screened collec-
tions,but always starts from 1. Example, When presented with two screened collec-
tions,and told how many in each collection(e.g.7 objects and 5 objects),and asked
how many times altogether,the child would have to start from 1 instead of counting
on from 5
12. Stage3-Initial Number Sequence: The child uses counting on rather than
counting from one,to solve addition or missing added tasks.
13. Stage 4- Intermediate number sequence: The child counts down to solve the
missing subtrahend tasks
14. Stage 5-Facile number sequence: The child uses a range of
non-count-by-ones strategies. These strategies include compensation, using known
facts,adding to 10, commutative to,subtraction as the inverse of addition,awareness
of ten in the teen numbers
15. Using structured images to support group counting: Structured images
based on a place are advocated as a mechanism for supporting group counting
,which is more efficient counting strategy than counting in 1s. To achieve this,
teachers should encourage skip counting in the mental mathematics part of your
lesson plan ( 2s,3s,4s,5s,10s)
16. Decimal system and place value: Place value is the basis of our entire number
system.
A place value is based on the decimal system or base ten,whereby each
*A place value determines the value of a digit in any given number
place represents ten times the value of the pace to the place to its right
1. Cardinality: expresses the specific number of instances in an entity
2. What are the numbers?: Numbers provide us with a precise way to describe,rep-
resent and reason about quantities
Without the notion of number, we would not be able to communicate specific,detailed
info about collections and quantities of things
3. Types of numbers:: 1.Natural or counting numbers- these are numbers which
we use in our day to day life e.g 1234........
Addition and multiplication of natural numbers again yield a number.
Subtraction and division of two natural numbers may or may not yield a number
Natural numbers are represented on a number track. A number track has no zero
and shows counting numbers.
2. Whole numbers - these are natural numbers with an addition of zero e.g 01234
Whole numbers are represented on a number line.
A number line relies on the ideas of length and distance from 0, and connects all
types of numbers.
3. Integers- is a set of whole numbers together with negative numbers e.g
-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4
4. Rational numbers- a quantity that cannot be represented by a whole number
4. Ordinality and Cardinality of counting Numbers:: Ordinality- counting Num-
bers as a list
Cardinality - counting Numbers as associated with quantity for describing set size
5. Counting Numbers as list: The list starts with 1, and every number in the list has
a unique successor
6. Counting Numbers as associated with quantity: Counting Numbers can be
associated with quantity of a set describing how many things are in the set
## ### ####
234
Counting objects in a set connects Numbers as a list and tells us how many, which
is represented by the last number in the counting list
7. Five principle for counting: 1. Stable order principle - consistently using the
number words in the same order.
2. One-to-one principle - count every item in a set only once, using only one number
word.
,3. Cardinal principle - understand that the last number word used represent the
cardinality of the set
4. Abstraction principle - recognise that any collection of like or unlike items can be
counted as a set
, 5. Order irrelevance - understand that the result is the same,no matter the order in
which the objects are counted.
8. Stages of early number learning (SEAL): Emergent counting
Perceptual counting
Figurative counting
Initial counting
Intermediate counting
Facile counting
9. Stage 0- Emergent counting: The child cannot count visible items. The notion of
counting as an ordered list is still problematic. The child cannot make a one-to-one
correspondence
10. Stage 1 Perceptual counting: The child can perceive and count visible collec-
tions of items, but cannot count or add objects when screened. This stage involves
seeing, hearing or feeling items. The child can make a one-to-one correspondence
11. Stage2- Figurative counting: The child can count items in screened collec-
tions,but always starts from 1. Example, When presented with two screened collec-
tions,and told how many in each collection(e.g.7 objects and 5 objects),and asked
how many times altogether,the child would have to start from 1 instead of counting
on from 5
12. Stage3-Initial Number Sequence: The child uses counting on rather than
counting from one,to solve addition or missing added tasks.
13. Stage 4- Intermediate number sequence: The child counts down to solve the
missing subtrahend tasks
14. Stage 5-Facile number sequence: The child uses a range of
non-count-by-ones strategies. These strategies include compensation, using known
facts,adding to 10, commutative to,subtraction as the inverse of addition,awareness
of ten in the teen numbers
15. Using structured images to support group counting: Structured images
based on a place are advocated as a mechanism for supporting group counting
,which is more efficient counting strategy than counting in 1s. To achieve this,
teachers should encourage skip counting in the mental mathematics part of your
lesson plan ( 2s,3s,4s,5s,10s)
16. Decimal system and place value: Place value is the basis of our entire number
system.
A place value is based on the decimal system or base ten,whereby each
*A place value determines the value of a digit in any given number
place represents ten times the value of the pace to the place to its right
