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Contents
Chapter 1
br Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life br br br br br br 1
Chapter 2
br The Chemical Context of Life
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Chapter 3
br Water and the Fitness of the Environment
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Chapter 4
br Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
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Chapter 5
br The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
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Chapter 6
br A Tour of the Cell
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Chapter 7
br Membrane Structure and Function br br br 129
Chapter 8
br An Introduction to Metabolism
br br br 150
Chapter 9
br Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
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Chapter 10
br Photosynthesis 200
Chapter 11
br Cell Communication
br 220
Chapter 12
br The Cell Cycle
br br 236
Chapter 13
br Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles br br br br 257
Chapter 14
br Mendel and the Gene Idea br br br br 277
Chapter 15
br The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
br br br br 301
Chapter 16
br The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
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Chapter 17
br From Gene to Protein
br br br 340
Chapter 18
br Regulation of Gene Expression br br br 364
Chapter 19
br Viruses 389
Chapter 20
br Biotechnology 400
Chapter 21
br Genomes and Their Evolution br br br 420
Chapter 22
br Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
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Chapter 23
br The Evolution of Populations
br br br 447
Chapter 24
br The Origin of Species
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Chapter 25
br The History of Life on Earth
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Chapter 26
br Phylogeny and the Tree of Life br br br br br 519
Chapter 27
br Bacteria and Archaea br br 546
Chapter 28
br Protists 571
Chapter 29
br Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
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Chapter 30
br Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
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,Chapter 31
br Fungi 642
Chapter 32
br An Introduction to Animal Diversity
br br br br 665
Chapter 33
br Invertebrates 689
Chapter 34
br Vertebrates 717
Chapter 35
br Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
br br br br 744
Chapter 36
br Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants
br br br br br br 764
Chapter 37
br Soil and Plant Nutrition
br br br 784
Chapter 38
br Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology br br br 805
Chapter 39
br Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
br br br br br br 825
Chapter 40
br Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
br br br br br br 851
Chapter 41
br Animal Nutrition br 869
Chapter 42
br Circulation and Gas Exchange br br br 886
Chapter 43
br The Immune System
br br 905
Chapter 44
br Osmoregulation and Excretion br br 927
Chapter 45
br Hormones and the Endocrine System br br br br 939
Chapter 46
br Animal Reproductionbr 956
Chapter 47
br Animal Development br 976
Chapter 48
br Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
br br br 993
Chapter 49
br Nervous Systems br 1007
Chapter 50
br Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
br br br 1019
Chapter 51
br Animal Behavior br 1035
Chapter 52
br An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
br br br br br br 1054
Chapter 53
br Population Ecology br 1074
Chapter 54
br Community Ecology br 1102
Chapter 55
br Ecosystems 1121
Chapter 56
br Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology br br br br 1144
, Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
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The introduction to the study of biology in Chapter 1 highlights seven book -
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wide themes, with special emphasis on the core theme of evolution. How scientists use inducti
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ve reasoning to draw general conclusions and deductive reasoning to test hypotheses is emph
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asized. Questions in this chapter are designed to help assess a student’s understanding of the c
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ontent of Chapter 1 based on the three key concepts.
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Multiple-Choice Questions br
1) Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things?
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A) evolutionary adaptations br
B) energy processing br
C) responding to the environment br br br
D) growth and reproduction br br
E) all of the above br br br
br Answer: E b r
Topic: Overview b r
Skill: Knowledge/Application
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2) Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology?
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A) interaction with the environment br br br
B) emergent properties br
C) evolution
D) reductionism
E) structure and function br br
br Answer: D b r
Topic: Concept 1.1 b r br
Skill: Knowledge/Application
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3) Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from
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the least to the most complex level?
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A) organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism br br br br br
B) cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle
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C) organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ br br br br br
D) ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system br br br br br br
E) molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere br br br br br br b
r Answer: E b r
Topic: Concept 1.1 b r br
Skill: Knowledge/Application
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4) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
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A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
br Answer: C br
Topic: Concept 1.1 b r br
Skill: Knowledge/Application
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