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supply cont.
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- suppliers are driven to maximize profit
- in a competitive market, profit is maximized at the level of output where
marginal cost equals price
- equilibrium exists in the market when there is a balance between the
quantity supplied and the quantity demanded
,Medicare Part B Financing
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- general federal tax revenues
- monthly premiums, deductibles, and cost-sharing paid by beneficiaries
Medicare Part C Financing
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- receives funding for Part A and B services through funding sources
described above; plans may also require monthly premiums, deductibles,
and cost-sharing to be paid by beneficiaries
health insurance and markets
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a typical market transaction involves two parties: consumer and supplier
- healthcare transaction with an insured patient involves three parties:
consumer (patient) supplier (provider) insurers
- presence of third party (insurers) changes consumer and supplier analysis
of costs and benefits of each transaction
federal preemption of state Liability Laws Under ERISA (4)
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, - the US supreme court has interpreted ERISA's field preemption provisions
to be the exclusive remedy for negligent administration of an employee
benefit plan covered by ERISA
- This means that all other state remedies generally available to individuals
to remedy corporate negligence are preempted (thus not available) to
employees whose health benefits are provided through an ERISA-covered
plan.
supply
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the amount of goods and services that producers are able and willing to
sell at a given price over a given period of time
Entitlements versus Block Grants
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Entitlement: everyone who is eligible for and enrolled in the program is
legally entitled to receive benefits from the program. Beneficiaries may not
be refused service for lack of funds or other reasons
Block grants: defined sum of money (often from the federal govt to the
states) is allocated for a particular program over a certain period of time.
Beneficiaries may be refused service for lack of funds or other reasons. No
legal entitlement to benefits
market failure
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, when resources are not produced or allocated efficiently
- traditionally, inequitable distribution of resources does not equal a market
failure
medicaid program administration
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- federal: center for medicare and medicaid services (CMS) outlines
mandatory and optional populations and benefits covered under Medicaid
- state: state medicaid agencies run programs, select which optional
populations and benefits to cover in the state program
ACA: Financing Health Reform
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- changes to Medicare provider reimbursement
- changes to Medicare Advantage reimbursement
- Medicare Part A increases for high earners
- changes in Medicare Part D subsidies
- changes in Medicare employer subsidy
Medicare Part D Financing
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