AQA A Level Biology Paper 1 EXAM
COMPREHENSIVE questions answered, 2025
verified graded A+ already passed!
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Terms in this set (208)
Water removed from the Condensation
reactants joining two
molecules together
forming a chemical bond
The addition of water to Hydrolysis
the reactants to break a
chemical bond between 2
molecules
1. Add Benedict's reagent. Test for Reducing Sugars (3)
2. Heat the solution in a
water bath for 5 minutes at
95 degrees Celsius. 3.
Change from blue to brick
red as CuO formed
Smaller units from which Monomer
larger molecules are
made
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1. Add 2cm³ of food Non-Reducing Sugars (2)
sample then add 2cm³ of
dilute HCl and heat.
2. Add 2cm³ of NaHCO3
then do test for reducing
sugars.
Add drops of iodine to Test for Starch (1)
starch solution. Colour
change to blue-black
1. Mix Test solution with Test for Lipids (3)
ethanol.
2. Shake for 1 minute then
add water.
3. Cloudy white emulsion
1. Obtain equal volumes of Test for Proteins (2)
test solution and NaOH
then add a few drops of
biuret solution (dilute
copper (II) sulphate
solution).
2. Colour change to
mauve/purple
1. Very high resolution. Transmission Electron Microscope (5)
2. Needs thin and dead
specimen.
3. Artefacts can occur
(remnant left on object
during prep, such as air
bubbles)
4. Uses magnets to focus
on specimen
5. Uses electrons fired at
sample.
6. Is not in colour
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1. Inhibitor is similar in Competitive inhibition (2)
shape to substrate so it
impermanently binds to
the active site.
2. Prevents ESC from
forming, slowing rate
1. Molecule will bind to Non-competitive inhibition (3)
allosteric site.
2. Binding causes a
change in active site.
3. Permanently preventing
further ESC.
1. DNA helicase breaks the DNA Replication: Semiconservative (4)
hydrogen bonds between
the base pairs
2. 2 single strands formed
as the double helix
"unzips".
3. Free DNA nucleotides
in the nucleoplasm bond
to the complementary
bases on the strand.
4. DNA polymerase forms
phosphodiester bonds
between adjacent DNA
nucleotides via
condensation reaction
with the hydrolysis of ATP,
forming the phosphate
backbone
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1. ATP stores or releases Describe 6 properties of ATP that make it a good
only a small amount of energy source. (6)
energy at a time, so no
energy is wasted as heat.
2. Small and soluble so
easily transported
3. Easily broken down, so
energy is released
instantaneously
4. Can be quickly re-made
5. Can make other
molecules more reactive
via phosphorylation
6. ATP can't pass out of
cell, so the cell always has
an immediate supply of
energy.
Prevents the cell from Slime capsule (2)
drying out. Allows bacteria
to stick to each other
Used for attachment of a Fimbria
cell to a surface
Involved in bacterial Pilli
conjugation
Invagination of cell Mesosome
membrane. Site of cell
respiration (prokaryotes)
The ability to distinguish Resolution
two points apart
1. Lower resolution than Scanning Electron Microscope
TEM
2. 3D image
3. Does not require thin
samples
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