NBME CBSE ACTUAL TEST QUIZ BANK 2024/2025| REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT DETAILED ANSWER- (USMLE STEP 1)
MEDICAL EXAMINATION
70yo M dies in a motor vehicle collision. Was undergoing evaluation for occult blood in
the stool. Photo of transverse colon shown. Dx? -
ANSWER-Tubular adenoma or villous polyp. GI blood loss suggests a risk for
malignancy
38yo M truck driver with 1-week hx of watery, itchy eyes and a runny nose. Physical
shows inflamed nasal mucosa. No congestion in lower lung. Pharmacotherapy? -
ANSWER-Loratadine--> less sedating antihistamine
16yo girl with 3-day hx of fever, nonproductive cough, and fatigue. T 38.3, P 88/min, BP
102-70. PE shows pale conjunctivae. CXR shows bilateral interstitial infiltrates. Blood
spontaenously agglutinates while awaiting transport to the laboratory. Antibody isotypes
causing agglutination? -
ANSWER-IgM (mono and mycoplasma)
24yo M with small tender blisters on his penis 3 days after unprotected sex. Photograph
shown. Causal agent? -
ANSWER-HSV-2
42yo F with 3-year hx of an intermittent facial rash, including the forehead, eyelids,
nose, and cheeks. Rash seems to be getting worse since she moved from New York to
Florida last year. Spicy foods precipitate a flushing reaction that seems to exacerbate
the rash. PE shows erythema over the nose and cheeks, with scattered telangiectasias
and a few papules. Dx? -
ANSWER-Rosacea
53yo M returned from Africa, has fever, headache, and abdominal discomfort. Received
appropriate vaccinations prior to the trip. T 39.4C. A wright-stained peripheral smear
shown (ring forms in RBCs). Dx? -
ANSWER-Malaria
68yo F with T2DM and hypertension that has been poorly controlled despite
hydrochlorothiazide treatment. BP 150/96, Labs show serum glucose concentration of
130 and proteinuria. In addition to current Rx, which is most appropriate
pharmacotherapy? -
ANSWER-ACE I (Lisinopril)
66yo M with stage IV colon cancer with 3-day hx of severe diarrhea after receiving
chemotherapy with flourouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan. Prescribed opioid
antidiarrheal agent with no CNS effects. Which med? -
ANSWER-Loperamide
35yo M in ED with 2-hour hx of sever fatigue and dizziness. Had profuse, watery
diarrhea for 8 hours despite a lack of oral intake. Recently returned from a medical relief
,trip to a remove village in Honduras. T 36.7 C, P 122/min, BP 90/50. PE shows dry skin
and decreased capillary refill. Stool for occult blood is negative; stool is gray and turbid.
Gram stain shows gram-negative, comma-shaped bacteria; no erythrocytes of
leukocytes. MOA of toxin? -
ANSWER-V. Cholerae--> activates AC
,59yo F with gradual onset of lack of muscle control in her left arm and leg. Sx 1 mo ago
after dx with metastatic breast cancer. PE shows ataxia of left upper and lower
extremities. Muscle strength, DTR, sensation, proprioception normal. Metastatic tumor
in which location? -
ANSWER-Cerebellum
Newborn delivered at 38 weeks' gestation weighs 1800 g. PE shows petechial rash,
microcephaly, and hepatosplenomegaly. Serologic test for CMV: IgG + in mother, + in
newborn; IGM - in mother, + in newborn. Explanation? -
ANSWER-Congenital CMV infection
Female newborn is delivered at 38 weeks' gestation. Apgar 8 and 8 at 1/5 min. PE
shows a bulging, fluod0filled mass approximately 5 cm in diameter in the midline over
the lumbosacral region. No spontaneous movements of the lower extremities.
Abnormality most likely occurred because of abnormal development during which
periods of postconception (in days)? -
ANSWER-15-40; neutral tube closes at about 4 weeks
64yo M in ED 3 hours after SOB with exertion and extreme fatigue. Has ischemic heart
disease. P 125/min, BP 105/60. ECG shows atrial fibrillation. Intravenous ibutilide is
administered. Ten minutes later, ECG shows normal sinus rhythm. Risk for which drug
effect in the next 6 hours? -
ANSWER-Torsades de pointes
65yo F with 20-year hx of osteoarthritis of the hands now has pain radiating down the
distal anterior thigh, knee, medial leg, and food. Bony outgrowth of vertebrae
compressing one of the spinal nerves is suspected. Nerve root in which intervertebral
foramina is effected? -
ANSWER-L3 to L4
38yo M with 3-year hx of T2DM. Taking an oral antihyperglycemic agent, he has tried
diet and exercise. BMI 32. PE normal. Hb A1c is 10%. Physician recommends initiation
of insulin injections. Responds, "I know that insulin would help control my blood sugar.
But a lot of people in my family have diabetes, and insulin made them really sick at
times. Patient is at which stage of change? -
ANSWER-Contemplation
24yo M with 2-day history of an itchy rash on his arms and legs. Returned from a
camping trip in the woods 5 days ago. PE shows edematous, erythematous rash with
linear vesicles. Cause is activation of which cell types? -
ANSWER-T-lymphocytes (type IV HS)
70yo M from china with poorly differentiated monoclonal carcinoma of the nasopharynx.
DNA probes of neoplastic cells are most likely to detect genome of which virus? -
ANSWER-EBV
24yo M with hx of IVDA could not be aroused. Friend reports that the patient injected
himself with a drug 6 hours ago. Labs show drug concentration of 0.3. Assuming first-
order one-compartment kinetics, has a half-life of 2 hours, and a volume of distribution
, of 200 L in this patient. What is quantity of drug (in mg) injected? -
ANSWER-= 200 (0.3)
=60
3 half-lives = 120, 240, 480
Compound is taken up by bacterial cells. No energy is necessary for uptake, and the
compound is not concentrated in the cell. Which describes this mechanism of transport?
-
ANSWER-Carrier-mediated diffusion
Newborn has male genital ducts but female external genitalia. Cytogenetic analysis
shows a 46,XY karyotype, and genetic testing shows a mutation of the gene encoding
5alpha-reductase. In absence of this mutation, labia majora would have been? -
ANSWER-Scrotum
Corresponded to penis shaft? -
ANSWER-Labia minora
Study designed to evaluate the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in improving cardiac output in
patients with CHF. Sixty patients with CHF are recruited. Each assigned by coin toss to
one of tw groups. Design? -
ANSWER-RCT
12yo boy immersed up to his neck in 60F water for 20 minutes. Physiological changes?
ADH:
Central Blood volume:
ANP: -
ANSWER-ADH: decreased (VC leads to decreased ADH) ANP:
increased
Central blood volume: increased
Randomized controlled study of 2000 patients with insomnia is conducted to evaluate
the efficacy of a new medication to treat this condition. Ten subjects from both the
control and treatment groups do not complete the study are are not included in the
analysis. Treatment group able to fall asleep 5 minutes faster than control (p=0.001).
Neither group report an improvement in quality of life. Conclude that new med is
efficacious in treating insomnia. Type of error? -
ANSWER-Failure to distinguish between statistical significant and clinical significance
50yo M with increasing cough for 6 month and hemoptysis for 1 week. Smoked 1 pack
per day for 32 years. Plays squash, swims. CXR shows a 3 x 4-cm hilar mass. Cytologic
examination of sputum shows a non-small cell carcinoma. Tells patient he has lung
cancer. The patient responds, "How can this be happening to m? I eat right and
exercise." Appropriate response? -
ANSWER-"It must be difficult for you to accept this diagnosis when you feel healthy."
18mo girl. Separation of the umbilical cord was delayed after birth. Has had four severe
skin infections Staphylococcus aureus; No pus formation at infection sites. Persistent
leukocytosis in absence of infection. Mechanisms impaired? -
ANSWER-LAD
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT DETAILED ANSWER- (USMLE STEP 1)
MEDICAL EXAMINATION
70yo M dies in a motor vehicle collision. Was undergoing evaluation for occult blood in
the stool. Photo of transverse colon shown. Dx? -
ANSWER-Tubular adenoma or villous polyp. GI blood loss suggests a risk for
malignancy
38yo M truck driver with 1-week hx of watery, itchy eyes and a runny nose. Physical
shows inflamed nasal mucosa. No congestion in lower lung. Pharmacotherapy? -
ANSWER-Loratadine--> less sedating antihistamine
16yo girl with 3-day hx of fever, nonproductive cough, and fatigue. T 38.3, P 88/min, BP
102-70. PE shows pale conjunctivae. CXR shows bilateral interstitial infiltrates. Blood
spontaenously agglutinates while awaiting transport to the laboratory. Antibody isotypes
causing agglutination? -
ANSWER-IgM (mono and mycoplasma)
24yo M with small tender blisters on his penis 3 days after unprotected sex. Photograph
shown. Causal agent? -
ANSWER-HSV-2
42yo F with 3-year hx of an intermittent facial rash, including the forehead, eyelids,
nose, and cheeks. Rash seems to be getting worse since she moved from New York to
Florida last year. Spicy foods precipitate a flushing reaction that seems to exacerbate
the rash. PE shows erythema over the nose and cheeks, with scattered telangiectasias
and a few papules. Dx? -
ANSWER-Rosacea
53yo M returned from Africa, has fever, headache, and abdominal discomfort. Received
appropriate vaccinations prior to the trip. T 39.4C. A wright-stained peripheral smear
shown (ring forms in RBCs). Dx? -
ANSWER-Malaria
68yo F with T2DM and hypertension that has been poorly controlled despite
hydrochlorothiazide treatment. BP 150/96, Labs show serum glucose concentration of
130 and proteinuria. In addition to current Rx, which is most appropriate
pharmacotherapy? -
ANSWER-ACE I (Lisinopril)
66yo M with stage IV colon cancer with 3-day hx of severe diarrhea after receiving
chemotherapy with flourouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan. Prescribed opioid
antidiarrheal agent with no CNS effects. Which med? -
ANSWER-Loperamide
35yo M in ED with 2-hour hx of sever fatigue and dizziness. Had profuse, watery
diarrhea for 8 hours despite a lack of oral intake. Recently returned from a medical relief
,trip to a remove village in Honduras. T 36.7 C, P 122/min, BP 90/50. PE shows dry skin
and decreased capillary refill. Stool for occult blood is negative; stool is gray and turbid.
Gram stain shows gram-negative, comma-shaped bacteria; no erythrocytes of
leukocytes. MOA of toxin? -
ANSWER-V. Cholerae--> activates AC
,59yo F with gradual onset of lack of muscle control in her left arm and leg. Sx 1 mo ago
after dx with metastatic breast cancer. PE shows ataxia of left upper and lower
extremities. Muscle strength, DTR, sensation, proprioception normal. Metastatic tumor
in which location? -
ANSWER-Cerebellum
Newborn delivered at 38 weeks' gestation weighs 1800 g. PE shows petechial rash,
microcephaly, and hepatosplenomegaly. Serologic test for CMV: IgG + in mother, + in
newborn; IGM - in mother, + in newborn. Explanation? -
ANSWER-Congenital CMV infection
Female newborn is delivered at 38 weeks' gestation. Apgar 8 and 8 at 1/5 min. PE
shows a bulging, fluod0filled mass approximately 5 cm in diameter in the midline over
the lumbosacral region. No spontaneous movements of the lower extremities.
Abnormality most likely occurred because of abnormal development during which
periods of postconception (in days)? -
ANSWER-15-40; neutral tube closes at about 4 weeks
64yo M in ED 3 hours after SOB with exertion and extreme fatigue. Has ischemic heart
disease. P 125/min, BP 105/60. ECG shows atrial fibrillation. Intravenous ibutilide is
administered. Ten minutes later, ECG shows normal sinus rhythm. Risk for which drug
effect in the next 6 hours? -
ANSWER-Torsades de pointes
65yo F with 20-year hx of osteoarthritis of the hands now has pain radiating down the
distal anterior thigh, knee, medial leg, and food. Bony outgrowth of vertebrae
compressing one of the spinal nerves is suspected. Nerve root in which intervertebral
foramina is effected? -
ANSWER-L3 to L4
38yo M with 3-year hx of T2DM. Taking an oral antihyperglycemic agent, he has tried
diet and exercise. BMI 32. PE normal. Hb A1c is 10%. Physician recommends initiation
of insulin injections. Responds, "I know that insulin would help control my blood sugar.
But a lot of people in my family have diabetes, and insulin made them really sick at
times. Patient is at which stage of change? -
ANSWER-Contemplation
24yo M with 2-day history of an itchy rash on his arms and legs. Returned from a
camping trip in the woods 5 days ago. PE shows edematous, erythematous rash with
linear vesicles. Cause is activation of which cell types? -
ANSWER-T-lymphocytes (type IV HS)
70yo M from china with poorly differentiated monoclonal carcinoma of the nasopharynx.
DNA probes of neoplastic cells are most likely to detect genome of which virus? -
ANSWER-EBV
24yo M with hx of IVDA could not be aroused. Friend reports that the patient injected
himself with a drug 6 hours ago. Labs show drug concentration of 0.3. Assuming first-
order one-compartment kinetics, has a half-life of 2 hours, and a volume of distribution
, of 200 L in this patient. What is quantity of drug (in mg) injected? -
ANSWER-= 200 (0.3)
=60
3 half-lives = 120, 240, 480
Compound is taken up by bacterial cells. No energy is necessary for uptake, and the
compound is not concentrated in the cell. Which describes this mechanism of transport?
-
ANSWER-Carrier-mediated diffusion
Newborn has male genital ducts but female external genitalia. Cytogenetic analysis
shows a 46,XY karyotype, and genetic testing shows a mutation of the gene encoding
5alpha-reductase. In absence of this mutation, labia majora would have been? -
ANSWER-Scrotum
Corresponded to penis shaft? -
ANSWER-Labia minora
Study designed to evaluate the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in improving cardiac output in
patients with CHF. Sixty patients with CHF are recruited. Each assigned by coin toss to
one of tw groups. Design? -
ANSWER-RCT
12yo boy immersed up to his neck in 60F water for 20 minutes. Physiological changes?
ADH:
Central Blood volume:
ANP: -
ANSWER-ADH: decreased (VC leads to decreased ADH) ANP:
increased
Central blood volume: increased
Randomized controlled study of 2000 patients with insomnia is conducted to evaluate
the efficacy of a new medication to treat this condition. Ten subjects from both the
control and treatment groups do not complete the study are are not included in the
analysis. Treatment group able to fall asleep 5 minutes faster than control (p=0.001).
Neither group report an improvement in quality of life. Conclude that new med is
efficacious in treating insomnia. Type of error? -
ANSWER-Failure to distinguish between statistical significant and clinical significance
50yo M with increasing cough for 6 month and hemoptysis for 1 week. Smoked 1 pack
per day for 32 years. Plays squash, swims. CXR shows a 3 x 4-cm hilar mass. Cytologic
examination of sputum shows a non-small cell carcinoma. Tells patient he has lung
cancer. The patient responds, "How can this be happening to m? I eat right and
exercise." Appropriate response? -
ANSWER-"It must be difficult for you to accept this diagnosis when you feel healthy."
18mo girl. Separation of the umbilical cord was delayed after birth. Has had four severe
skin infections Staphylococcus aureus; No pus formation at infection sites. Persistent
leukocytosis in absence of infection. Mechanisms impaired? -
ANSWER-LAD
