NORTH CAROLINA DENTAL BOARD PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION

NORTH CAROLINA DENTAL BOARD PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION 1) An external Hordeolum is an infection of which gland? - ANSWER External hordeolum affects the gland of Zeis at the base of the eyelash 2) An internal hordeolum is an infection of which gland? - ANSWER Internal hordeolum affects the meibomian gland 3) Which type of bacteria typically cause internal hordeolum? - ANSWER Staph aureus 4) What are the symptoms of external hordeolum? - ANSWER 1. Soreness/redness at the base of the lashes 2. Eyelid swelling 3. Grittiness in the eye 4. Eye pain 5. Light sensitivity 6. Eye tearing or watering 5) What is the treatment for an external hordeolum? - ANSWER Warm compress for 10 - 15 minutes for up to 4 times a day 6) How long do styes normally take for styes to heal? - ANSWER 10 to 14 days 7) After how long should oral antibiotics be administered if the stye has not resolved on its own? - ANSWER 3 - 5 days 8) Which oral antibiotics can be prescribed for treatment of stye? - ANSWER 1. Keflex (cephalexin) 500mg twice a day for 1 week 2. Augmentin 500mg twice a day for 1 week for mild infection and 875 mg twice a day for 1 week for more severe infection and 1000mg twice a day for 1 week for most severe infections 3. Zithromax (Azithromycin) 500mg for 1 day then 250mg for 4 days 4. Levaquin (Levofloxacin) 500mg twice a day for 1 week 9) What is a chalazion? - ANSWER A red bump on the eyelid caused by blockage of the meibomian gland 10) What are some less common causes of chalazion? - ANSWER 1. Rosacea 2. Chronic blepharitis, eyelid inflammation 3. Seborrheic dermatitis 4. Tuberculosis 5. Viral infections 11) What are the symptoms of chalazion? - ANSWER 1. Painless bump on eyelid 2. Mild irritation 3. Blurred vision for large bump pushing on eyelid 12) What is the treatment for chalazion? - ANSWER Warm compress, lid massage, lid hygiene 13) Which eyelid muscle is most affected with lid myokymia? - ANSWER Orbicularis oculi 14) What medications (in rare cases) can cause eyelid myokymia? - ANSWER 1. Topiramate 2. Gold salts 3. Clozapine 4. Flunarizine 15) What conditions in rare cases can cause eyelid myokymia? - ANSWER 1. Multiple sclerosis 2. Brainstem pathology such as Pontine glioma 3. Autoimmune disease 16) What is an increasingly common cause of canaliculitis? - ANSWER The most common cause of canaliculitis is retained punctal plugs 17) Which bacteria is the most common cause of canaliculitis? - ANSWER Actinomyces israelii 18) What are the symptoms of canaliculitis? - ANSWER Chronic unilateral red eye, epiphora, discharge in the nasal part of the eye 19) What is the most common pathogenic cause of canaliculitis? - ANSWER Actinomyces 20) What is treatment for canaliculitis? - ANSWER Warm compress, antibiotics (1st gen cephalosporin) sometimes surgery to remove concretions or foreign bodies 21) What is dacryocystitis? - ANSWER inflammation of the lacrimal sac 22) Which organisms are typically the cause of dacryocystitis? - ANSWER Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenza, pseudomonas aeruginosa 23) What is the cause of chronic dacryocystitis? - ANSWER Chronic obstruction due to systemic disease, repeated infection, dacryoliths, and chronic inflammatory debris of the nasolacrimal system. Some common systemic diseases include Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus 24) What is the cause of acquired dacryocystitis? - ANSWER Repeated trauma, surgeries, medications, neoplasms, nasolacrimal obstruction 25) Congenital forms of daceyocystitis are caused by the obstruction of? - ANSWER Membranous obstruction of the valve of Hasner in the distal nasolacrimal duct 26) What are the symptoms of acute dacryocystitis? - ANSWER Symptoms may occur over several hours to several days and is characterized by pain, erythema, and edema over the medial canthus and the area overlying the lacrimal sac at the inferomedial portion of the orbit. The redness can extend to involve the bridge of the nose. Purulent material can sometimes be expressed from the puncta and tearing may be present. 27) What are the symptoms of chronic dacryocystitis? - ANSWER Excessive tearing and discharge are the most common symptom. Changes in visual acuity may be present due to tear film production. Erythema involving the entire orbit ad pain with extraocular movement are not typically associated with dacrycystitis and should prompt the health care provider to search for alternative diagnoses. 28) How is dacryocysititis diagnosed? - ANSWER A Crigler, or tear duct massage can be performed to express material for culture and gram stain. In patients who appear acutely toxic or those who present with visual changes, imaging and bloodwork should be considered. In chronic cases , serological testing can be performed if systemic conditions are suspected. Imaging is not typically needed for diagnosis unless suspicion arises on history and physical (for example patient complains of hemolacria) CT scans can be performed in cases of trauma. Dacryocystography or plain film dacryosystogram (DCG) can be performed when anatomic abnormalities are suspected. Nasal endoscopy is useful to rule out hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate, septal deviation and inferior meatal narrowing. The fluorescein dye disappearance test (DDT) is another option available to evaluate for adequate lacrimal outflow. The persistence of dye coupled with asymmetric clearance of the dye from the tear meniscus after five minutes, indicates an obstruction. However this does not distinguish between an upper (punctal, canalicular, or sac) and lower (nasolacrimal duct) obstruction. 29) How is acute dacryocystitis treated? - ANSWER Treatment of acute dacryocystitis includes conservative measures such as warm compresses and attempts of Crigler massage. For uncomplicated cases consideration of oral antibiotics should be given. Coverage should always be aimed at gram-positive organisms, particularly antistaphylococcal agents. In complicated cases or patients who appear toxic, intravenously antibiotics should be administered. Empiric antibiotics should include gram positive and gram negative coverage. Lacrimal probing in discouraged in the acute phase. For recurrent infections, referral to ophthalmology for surgical evaluation is advised. 30) What is the treatment for chronic dacryocystitis? - ANSWER Chronic dacryocystitis is almost always managed surgically with high success rates. Probing is accepted as first-line management in chronic cases and can be done in the outpatient setting. Inevitable, patients will likely need to progress to further surgical options to treat the condition. Balloon dacryoplasty, nasolacrimal intubation, and nasolacrimal stenting have all been attempted with variable first-time success rates. If these therapeis fail, evaluation for percutaneous dacrocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) is then pursued. 31) What is the treatment for congenital dacryocystitis? - ANSWER Treatment of congenital dacryocystitis includes conservative measures first. Crigler massage should be taught to parents or caregivers to perform at home. Topical antibiotics can be considered for acute flares. About 90% of congenital dacryocystitis will resolve by six months to one year with conservative measures. If conservative measures happen to fail, a referral is then made to ophthalmology for nasolacrimal probing. Nasolacrimal probing is successful in more than 70% of cases. If symptoms recur, balloon dacryoplasty, nasolacrimal intubation, or nasolacrimal stenting can be pursued. Ultimately, if these measures fail, then dacryocystorhinostomy by percutaneous or endonasal approach will serve as the definitive treatment. 32) What is dacryoadenitis? - ANSWER Inflammation of the lacrimal gland and may be unilateral or bilateral. 33) What is the cause of acute dacryoadenitis? - ANSWER Causes of acute dacryoadenitis are frequently infectious and are typically unilateral. Infection most commonly ascends from the conjunctiva, but also may be from the skin, penetrating trauma, or seeding in the setting of bacteremia. The causitive pathogens are more often viral than bacterial, particularly in children and young adults. Viruses typically result in acute nonsupprurative dacryoadenitis. The most common viral etiology is Epstein-Barr virus; others include adenovirus, mumps, herpes simplex, and herpes zoster. Bacterial sources tend to induce suppuration; while the primary bacterial pathogen is S. Aureus, others include Step. Pneumo. And gram-negative rods. Rarely, fungal sources such as Hisoplasma, Blastomyces, or Nocardia may be found 34) Temporary permit - ANSWER 1) Qualified applicent pending examination 2) Non-resident validly licensed in another state for no more than 60 days 3) Temporary permits may be revoked by majority vote without a hearing 35) Hands - ANSWER Every person serving as a barber shall clense his or her ____ before servicing clients. 36) Every Person - ANSWER _________Working as a barber shall be clean both to person and dress. 37) 196 Square Feet (14x14) - ANSWER What is the minimum size of a barber shop in NC? 38) Headrest - ANSWER Every barber chairs ________ shall be protected with clean paper or a clean laundered towel. 39) 5-7 feet - ANSWER The maximum distance a barber may be from a sink.