UARK University Chem 1 Exam 1 |60
Questions and Answers
Matter - -anything that occupies space and has mass
- atoms - -are the basic particles that compose ordinary matter
- molecules - -two or more atoms joined chemically in a specific geometrical
arrangement
- chemistry - -the science that seeks to understand the properties of water
by studying the structure of the particles that compose H
- Atomic Theory - -1. Each element is composed of tiny, indestructible
particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties
that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements.
3. Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
4. Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element. In a
chemical reaction, atoms only change the way that they are bound together
with other atoms.
- The Law of Conservation and Mass - -in a chemical reaction matter is
neither created nor destroyed
- The Law of Definite Proportions - -all samples of a given compound,
regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same
proportions of their constituent elements... mass ration makes a WHOLE
NUMBER
- Pure Substance - -one type of particle, can either be a element or
compound
- Element - -substance contains only one type of atom ex: helium
- compound - -substance is made up of two or more types of atoms ex:
water or baking soda
- heterogeneous - -composition varies from one region of mixture to
another
- homogeneous - -composition is uniform throughout mixture ex: tea leaves
in cup
, - mixture - -A combination of two or more substances that are not
chemically combined
- Observation - -perceiving and/or recording data using instruments.
- Hypothesis - -an explanation of an observation that is falsifiable (can be
proved/disproved via an experiment).
- Theory - -a proposed explanation for observations and laws, based on
well-established and tested hypotheses.
- Law - -a brief statement or equation that summarizes past observations
and predicts future ones. Does not explain why or how something happens.
- Law of Conservation of Matter - -matter cannot be created or destroyed
- Law of Multiple Proportions - -atoms combine in simple, whole number
ratios (there can exist CO and CO2, but NOT CO1.5)
- Daltons Theory - -•Each element is composed of tiny, indestructible
particles called atoms.
•All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that
distinguish them from the atoms of other elements.
•Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
•Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element. In a
chemical reaction, atoms only change the way that they are bound together
with other atoms.
- Two samples of sodium chloride are decomposed into their constituent
elements. One sample produces 6.98 g of sodium and 10.7 g of chlorine, and
the other sample produces 11.2 g of sodium and 17.3 g of chlorine. Are
these results consistent with the law of definite proportions? - -Yes, because
the mass ratio of Cl:Na remains to be 1.5 g Cl:1 g Na in both scenarios.
- Rutherford's Nuclear Theory - -1. Most of the atom's mass and all of its
positive charge are contained in a small core called a nucleus.
2. Most of the volume of the atom is empty space, throughout which tiny,
negatively charged electrons are dispersed.
3. There are as many negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus as
there are positively charged particles (named protons) within the nucleus, so
that the atom is electrically neutral.
- Proton - -+
- neutron - -0
Questions and Answers
Matter - -anything that occupies space and has mass
- atoms - -are the basic particles that compose ordinary matter
- molecules - -two or more atoms joined chemically in a specific geometrical
arrangement
- chemistry - -the science that seeks to understand the properties of water
by studying the structure of the particles that compose H
- Atomic Theory - -1. Each element is composed of tiny, indestructible
particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties
that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements.
3. Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
4. Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element. In a
chemical reaction, atoms only change the way that they are bound together
with other atoms.
- The Law of Conservation and Mass - -in a chemical reaction matter is
neither created nor destroyed
- The Law of Definite Proportions - -all samples of a given compound,
regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same
proportions of their constituent elements... mass ration makes a WHOLE
NUMBER
- Pure Substance - -one type of particle, can either be a element or
compound
- Element - -substance contains only one type of atom ex: helium
- compound - -substance is made up of two or more types of atoms ex:
water or baking soda
- heterogeneous - -composition varies from one region of mixture to
another
- homogeneous - -composition is uniform throughout mixture ex: tea leaves
in cup
, - mixture - -A combination of two or more substances that are not
chemically combined
- Observation - -perceiving and/or recording data using instruments.
- Hypothesis - -an explanation of an observation that is falsifiable (can be
proved/disproved via an experiment).
- Theory - -a proposed explanation for observations and laws, based on
well-established and tested hypotheses.
- Law - -a brief statement or equation that summarizes past observations
and predicts future ones. Does not explain why or how something happens.
- Law of Conservation of Matter - -matter cannot be created or destroyed
- Law of Multiple Proportions - -atoms combine in simple, whole number
ratios (there can exist CO and CO2, but NOT CO1.5)
- Daltons Theory - -•Each element is composed of tiny, indestructible
particles called atoms.
•All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that
distinguish them from the atoms of other elements.
•Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
•Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element. In a
chemical reaction, atoms only change the way that they are bound together
with other atoms.
- Two samples of sodium chloride are decomposed into their constituent
elements. One sample produces 6.98 g of sodium and 10.7 g of chlorine, and
the other sample produces 11.2 g of sodium and 17.3 g of chlorine. Are
these results consistent with the law of definite proportions? - -Yes, because
the mass ratio of Cl:Na remains to be 1.5 g Cl:1 g Na in both scenarios.
- Rutherford's Nuclear Theory - -1. Most of the atom's mass and all of its
positive charge are contained in a small core called a nucleus.
2. Most of the volume of the atom is empty space, throughout which tiny,
negatively charged electrons are dispersed.
3. There are as many negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus as
there are positively charged particles (named protons) within the nucleus, so
that the atom is electrically neutral.
- Proton - -+
- neutron - -0
