ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CHAPTER 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Elements - CORRECT ANSWER -substance composed of only one type of atom that
cannot be broken into simpler constituents by chemical means
compounds - CORRECT ANSWER -chemical combination of two or more elements
atoms - CORRECT ANSWER -smallest particle of a chemical element that retains the
properties of that element; particles that combine to form molecules
subatomic particles - CORRECT ANSWER -particles that make up atoms; neutrons,
protons, electrons
nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER -dense, central core of an atom
protons - CORRECT ANSWER -positively charged subatomic particle
neutrons - CORRECT ANSWER -neutral subatomic particle
electrons - CORRECT ANSWER -small, negatively charged subatomic particle
atomic number - CORRECT ANSWER -number of protons in an atom of an element
mass number (atomic mass) - CORRECT ANSWER -number of protons plus the
number of neutrons in an atom of an element
energy level - CORRECT ANSWER -limited region surrounding the nucleus of an atom
at a certain distance containing electrons; shell
octet rule - CORRECT ANSWER -atoms with fewer or more than eight electrons in the
outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to
achieve stability
inert - CORRECT ANSWER -stable element; maximum amount of electrons in outer
shell
atomic weight - CORRECT ANSWER -average atomic mass of an atom of an element
as it is found in nature; atomic weights are usually found in the periodic table of
elements
, radioisotope - CORRECT ANSWER -unstable isotope that undergoes nuclear
breakdown and emits nuclear particles and radiation
decay - CORRECT ANSWER -emition of nuclear particles and radiation
chemical reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -interaction between two or more atoms that
occurs as a result of activity between electrons in their outermost energy levels
molecules - CORRECT ANSWER -two or more atoms covalently joined together
chemical bonds - CORRECT ANSWER -energy relationship joining two or more atoms;
involves sharing or exchange of electrons
ions - CORRECT ANSWER -electrically charged atom or group of atoms
ionic bond (electrovalent bond) - CORRECT ANSWER -formed by transfer of electrons;
strong electrostatic force that binds positively and negatively charged ions together
covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER -formed by sharing of electron pairs between
atoms
single covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER -covalent bond with only one pair of shared
electrons
double covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER -covalent bond with two pairs of shared
electrons
hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER -weak chemical bond that occurs between the
partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom covalently bound to a nitrogen or oxygen
atom and the partial negative charge of another polar molecule
polar molecule - CORRECT ANSWER -molecule in which the electrical charge is not
evenly distributed, causing one side of the molecule to be more positive or negative
than the other
synthesis reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -combining of two or more substances to
form a more complex substance
A + B -> AB
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Elements - CORRECT ANSWER -substance composed of only one type of atom that
cannot be broken into simpler constituents by chemical means
compounds - CORRECT ANSWER -chemical combination of two or more elements
atoms - CORRECT ANSWER -smallest particle of a chemical element that retains the
properties of that element; particles that combine to form molecules
subatomic particles - CORRECT ANSWER -particles that make up atoms; neutrons,
protons, electrons
nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER -dense, central core of an atom
protons - CORRECT ANSWER -positively charged subatomic particle
neutrons - CORRECT ANSWER -neutral subatomic particle
electrons - CORRECT ANSWER -small, negatively charged subatomic particle
atomic number - CORRECT ANSWER -number of protons in an atom of an element
mass number (atomic mass) - CORRECT ANSWER -number of protons plus the
number of neutrons in an atom of an element
energy level - CORRECT ANSWER -limited region surrounding the nucleus of an atom
at a certain distance containing electrons; shell
octet rule - CORRECT ANSWER -atoms with fewer or more than eight electrons in the
outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to
achieve stability
inert - CORRECT ANSWER -stable element; maximum amount of electrons in outer
shell
atomic weight - CORRECT ANSWER -average atomic mass of an atom of an element
as it is found in nature; atomic weights are usually found in the periodic table of
elements
, radioisotope - CORRECT ANSWER -unstable isotope that undergoes nuclear
breakdown and emits nuclear particles and radiation
decay - CORRECT ANSWER -emition of nuclear particles and radiation
chemical reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -interaction between two or more atoms that
occurs as a result of activity between electrons in their outermost energy levels
molecules - CORRECT ANSWER -two or more atoms covalently joined together
chemical bonds - CORRECT ANSWER -energy relationship joining two or more atoms;
involves sharing or exchange of electrons
ions - CORRECT ANSWER -electrically charged atom or group of atoms
ionic bond (electrovalent bond) - CORRECT ANSWER -formed by transfer of electrons;
strong electrostatic force that binds positively and negatively charged ions together
covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER -formed by sharing of electron pairs between
atoms
single covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER -covalent bond with only one pair of shared
electrons
double covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER -covalent bond with two pairs of shared
electrons
hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER -weak chemical bond that occurs between the
partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom covalently bound to a nitrogen or oxygen
atom and the partial negative charge of another polar molecule
polar molecule - CORRECT ANSWER -molecule in which the electrical charge is not
evenly distributed, causing one side of the molecule to be more positive or negative
than the other
synthesis reaction - CORRECT ANSWER -combining of two or more substances to
form a more complex substance
A + B -> AB
