NU 673 Midterm Exam | COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 2025 LATEST UPDATED |
ALREADY GRADED A+
1. This consists of aggregations of neuro- nal cell bodies. It rims the surfaces
of the cerebral hemispheres, forming the cerebral cortex
A. Gray matter
B. White matter
Ans: A. Gray matter
- Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig. 17-2). These include
the basal ganglia, which affect movement, and the thalamus and the hypothala-
mus structures in the diencephalon. The thalamus processes sensory impulses
and relays them to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis
(Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The hypothalamus
affects the endocrine system and governs emotional behaviors such as anger and
sexual drive. Hormones secreted in the hypothalamus act directly on the pitu- itary
gland. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th
Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
,2. This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The myelin
sheaths, which create the white color, allow nerve impulses to travel more
rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter
Ans: B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated fibers converge
from all parts of the cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem,
which connects the upper part of the brain with the spinal cord, has three sec- tions:
the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th
Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
3. Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemi-
spheres and a structure in the diencephalon and upper brainstem
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum
Ans: A. Reticular activating system
- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a
structure in the diencephalon and upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal)
system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all movement and
helps maintain the body upright in space. (Bickley)
,Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th
Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
4. Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
Ans: A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
5. This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch
and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic
Ans: A. Somatic
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and periph- eral
nerves that project to the heart, visceral organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the
somatic nervous system, which regulates muscle move- ments and response to the
sensations of touch and pain, and the autonomic nervous system that connects to
internal organs and gener- ates autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic ner-
vous system consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which "mobilizes organs
and their functions during times of stress and arousal, and the para- sympathetic
nervous system, which conserves energy and resources during times of rest and
relaxation."5 (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th
Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
, 6. Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal
Ans: A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
- The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses to and from
the cord. A total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12
thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral)
AND ANSWERS | 2025 LATEST UPDATED |
ALREADY GRADED A+
1. This consists of aggregations of neuro- nal cell bodies. It rims the surfaces
of the cerebral hemispheres, forming the cerebral cortex
A. Gray matter
B. White matter
Ans: A. Gray matter
- Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig. 17-2). These include
the basal ganglia, which affect movement, and the thalamus and the hypothala-
mus structures in the diencephalon. The thalamus processes sensory impulses
and relays them to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis
(Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The hypothalamus
affects the endocrine system and governs emotional behaviors such as anger and
sexual drive. Hormones secreted in the hypothalamus act directly on the pitu- itary
gland. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th
Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
,2. This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The myelin
sheaths, which create the white color, allow nerve impulses to travel more
rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter
Ans: B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated fibers converge
from all parts of the cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem,
which connects the upper part of the brain with the spinal cord, has three sec- tions:
the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th
Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
3. Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemi-
spheres and a structure in the diencephalon and upper brainstem
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum
Ans: A. Reticular activating system
- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a
structure in the diencephalon and upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal)
system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all movement and
helps maintain the body upright in space. (Bickley)
,Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th
Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
4. Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
Ans: A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
5. This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch
and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic
Ans: A. Somatic
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and periph- eral
nerves that project to the heart, visceral organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the
somatic nervous system, which regulates muscle move- ments and response to the
sensations of touch and pain, and the autonomic nervous system that connects to
internal organs and gener- ates autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic ner-
vous system consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which "mobilizes organs
and their functions during times of stress and arousal, and the para- sympathetic
nervous system, which conserves energy and resources during times of rest and
relaxation."5 (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th
Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
, 6. Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal
Ans: A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
- The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses to and from
the cord. A total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12
thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral)
