, PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS EXAM SUCCESS:
2025 TEST BANK BASED ON ARCANGELO &
PETERSON
📘 Verified | Detailed Rationales | 1,120 Questions | Designed for Guaranteed Clinical
Competency
Table of Contents
1. Issues for the Practitioner in Drug Therapy
2. Pharmacokinetic Basis of Therapeutics and Pharmacodynamic Principles
3. Impact of Drug Interactions and Adverse Events on Therapeutics
4. Principles of Pharmacotherapy in Pediatrics, Pregnancy and Lactation
5. Pharmacotherapy Principles in Older Adults
6. Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
7. Pharmacogenomics
8. The Economics of Pharmacotherapeutics
9. Principles of Pharmacology in Pain Management
10. Pain Management in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Patients
11. Cannabis and Pain Management
12. Dermatitis
13. Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Infections of the Skin
14. Psoriasis
15. Acne Vulgaris and Rosacea
16. Ophthalmic Disorders
17. Otitis Media and Otitis Externa
18. Hypertension
19. Hyperlipidemia
20. Chronic Stable Angina and Myocardial Infarction
,21. Heart Failure
22. Arrhythmias
23. Respiratory Infections
24. Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
25. Gastric, Functional and Inflammatory Bowel Disorders
26. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Peptic Ulcer Disease
27. Liver Diseases
28. Urinary Tract Infection
29. Prostatic Disorders and Erectile Dysfunction
30. Overactive Bladder
31. Sexually Transmitted Infections
32. Osteoarthritis and Gout
33. Osteoporosis
34. Rheumatoid Arthritis
35. Headaches
36. Seizure Disorders
37. Alzheimer’s Disease
38. Parkinson Disease
39. Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorders
40. Anxiety Disorders
41. Sleep Disorders
42. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
43. Substance Use Disorders
44. Diabetes Mellitus
45. Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
46. Allergies and Allergic Reactions
47. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
,48. Organ Transplantation
49. Pharmacotherapy for Select Thromboembolic Disorders
50. Anemias
51. Immunizations
52. Smoking Cessation
53. Weight Loss
54. Contraception
55. Menopause
56. Vaginitis
,1. An APP in State X wants to prescribe a Schedule II opioid
for chronic pain. Which step must they verify first?
A. That the patient has tried non-opioid alternatives
B. That their state license includes Schedule II prescriptive
authority
C. That the patient has adequate insurance coverage
D. That they have a DEA registration number
o Correct: B
o Rationale: In many states, APPs must have written
scope delineations granting Schedule II authority;
without it, prescribing is illegal. A is good practice but
not the first legal check. C and D are secondary
considerations.
2. A family nurse practitioner prescribes levothyroxine
without checking the patient’s most recent TSH level.
This violates which principle?
A. Evidence-based decision-making
B. Cultural competence
C. Informed consent
D. Polypharmacy avoidance
o Correct: A
o Rationale: Prescribing without current labs ignores
evidence-based guidelines. B and C are unrelated
here; D pertains to unnecessary multiple drugs.
,3. To reduce polypharmacy in an elderly patient on 12
medications, the APP should first:
A. Ask the patient to stop the newest medications
B. Conduct a comprehensive medication review
C. Refer to a pharmacist for dosage adjustments
D. Discontinue all non-essential supplements
o Correct: B
o Rationale: A full review identifies
duplications/interactions. A and D are premature; C
may follow but review comes first.
4. Which action best demonstrates shared decision-making
when starting statin therapy?
A. Explaining relative risk reduction and asking patient
preference
B. Prescribing to all patients over age 50 regardless of
values
C. Deferring the decision until lab results return
D. Emphasizing physician’s recommendation as final
o Correct: A
o Rationale: Discussion of benefit/risk and eliciting
values embodies shared decision-making. B is
paternalistic; C delays care unnecessarily; D removes
patient voice.
5. An APP notices a patient speaks limited English. To
ensure understanding of a new antibiotic regimen, the
, APP should:
A. Provide a simplified English pamphlet
B. Use the “teach‐back” method with an interpreter
C. Rely on the patient’s family for translation
D. Give verbal instructions only
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Teach-back confirms comprehension;
professional interpreters ensure accuracy. A may still
be too complex; C risks errors; D lacks confirmation.
6. In which scenario is an APP ethically obligated to report a
prescribing error?
A. When the patient suffers no harm
B. Only if the error reaches the patient
C. Always, to promote accountability and patient safety
D. Only if hospital policy mandates it
o Correct: C
o Rationale: Ethical practice demands disclosure and
reporting to prevent recurrence. A and B perpetuate
under-reporting; D defers to policy rather than ethics.
7. An APP consults current heart failure guidelines before
adjusting a patient’s ACE inhibitor dose. This exemplifies:
A. Prescriptive authority
B. Evidence-based practice
C. Ethical prescribing
D. Polypharmacy avoidance
, o Correct: B
o Rationale: Using guidelines to guide dosing is
evidence-based. A concerns legal scope; C is broader;
D isn’t the focus.
8. Which strategy most effectively promotes medication
adherence in a low-literacy population?
A. Sending daily text reminders
B. Using pictogram-based dosing cards
C. Asking family to manage dosing
D. Providing a detailed drug monograph
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Pictograms overcome reading barriers. A
may help but still relies on reading; C reduces patient
autonomy; D overwhelms.
9. An APP is uncertain whether they can prescribe a
benzodiazepine for anxiety in their state. Their best
resource is:
A. The state’s Nurse Practice Act
B. A national textbook
C. Colleague anecdote
D. The patient’s insurer formulary
o Correct: A
o Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act defines legal scope.
B may not reflect local law; C is informal; D governs
coverage, not legality.
,10. When reviewing a geriatric patient’s chart, the APP
notes duplicate antihypertensives. To address this, they
should:
A. Discontinue both medications
B. Clarify indications with the patient
C. Taper the older prescription immediately
D. Substitute one agent for a diuretic
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Understanding why both were started
informs safe deprescribing. A/C risk withdrawal; D
may not address duplication.
11. An APP considers the cost burden when choosing
between two equivalent drugs. This reflects:
A. Ethical prescribing
B. Shared decision-making
C. Cultural competence
D. Scope of practice
o Correct: A
o Rationale: Ethical practice includes considering
affordability. B involves patient preferences; C
involves cultural factors; D is legal remit.
12. Which practice helps ensure cultural competence
when prescribing?
A. Assuming all patients share similar beliefs
B. Eliciting the patient’s health beliefs and preferences
, C. Using medical jargon to appear authoritative
D. Deferring all decisions to family members
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Asking about beliefs fosters culturally
tailored care. A risks stereotyping; C hinders
communication; D may undermine autonomy.
13. To minimize bias in prescribing, an APP should rely
primarily on:
A. Colleague recommendations
B. Published clinical guidelines
C. Patient’s socioeconomic status
D. Drug sales representatives
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Guidelines are evidence-based and
standardized. A may perpetuate bias; C is irrelevant
clinically; D is conflicted.
14. Which element is NOT required for informed
consent in prescribing?
A. Explanation of benefits and risks
B. Discussion of nonpharmacologic options
C. Disclosure of provider’s financial incentives
D. Assessment of patient understanding
o Correct: C
2025 TEST BANK BASED ON ARCANGELO &
PETERSON
📘 Verified | Detailed Rationales | 1,120 Questions | Designed for Guaranteed Clinical
Competency
Table of Contents
1. Issues for the Practitioner in Drug Therapy
2. Pharmacokinetic Basis of Therapeutics and Pharmacodynamic Principles
3. Impact of Drug Interactions and Adverse Events on Therapeutics
4. Principles of Pharmacotherapy in Pediatrics, Pregnancy and Lactation
5. Pharmacotherapy Principles in Older Adults
6. Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
7. Pharmacogenomics
8. The Economics of Pharmacotherapeutics
9. Principles of Pharmacology in Pain Management
10. Pain Management in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Patients
11. Cannabis and Pain Management
12. Dermatitis
13. Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Infections of the Skin
14. Psoriasis
15. Acne Vulgaris and Rosacea
16. Ophthalmic Disorders
17. Otitis Media and Otitis Externa
18. Hypertension
19. Hyperlipidemia
20. Chronic Stable Angina and Myocardial Infarction
,21. Heart Failure
22. Arrhythmias
23. Respiratory Infections
24. Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
25. Gastric, Functional and Inflammatory Bowel Disorders
26. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Peptic Ulcer Disease
27. Liver Diseases
28. Urinary Tract Infection
29. Prostatic Disorders and Erectile Dysfunction
30. Overactive Bladder
31. Sexually Transmitted Infections
32. Osteoarthritis and Gout
33. Osteoporosis
34. Rheumatoid Arthritis
35. Headaches
36. Seizure Disorders
37. Alzheimer’s Disease
38. Parkinson Disease
39. Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorders
40. Anxiety Disorders
41. Sleep Disorders
42. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
43. Substance Use Disorders
44. Diabetes Mellitus
45. Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
46. Allergies and Allergic Reactions
47. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
,48. Organ Transplantation
49. Pharmacotherapy for Select Thromboembolic Disorders
50. Anemias
51. Immunizations
52. Smoking Cessation
53. Weight Loss
54. Contraception
55. Menopause
56. Vaginitis
,1. An APP in State X wants to prescribe a Schedule II opioid
for chronic pain. Which step must they verify first?
A. That the patient has tried non-opioid alternatives
B. That their state license includes Schedule II prescriptive
authority
C. That the patient has adequate insurance coverage
D. That they have a DEA registration number
o Correct: B
o Rationale: In many states, APPs must have written
scope delineations granting Schedule II authority;
without it, prescribing is illegal. A is good practice but
not the first legal check. C and D are secondary
considerations.
2. A family nurse practitioner prescribes levothyroxine
without checking the patient’s most recent TSH level.
This violates which principle?
A. Evidence-based decision-making
B. Cultural competence
C. Informed consent
D. Polypharmacy avoidance
o Correct: A
o Rationale: Prescribing without current labs ignores
evidence-based guidelines. B and C are unrelated
here; D pertains to unnecessary multiple drugs.
,3. To reduce polypharmacy in an elderly patient on 12
medications, the APP should first:
A. Ask the patient to stop the newest medications
B. Conduct a comprehensive medication review
C. Refer to a pharmacist for dosage adjustments
D. Discontinue all non-essential supplements
o Correct: B
o Rationale: A full review identifies
duplications/interactions. A and D are premature; C
may follow but review comes first.
4. Which action best demonstrates shared decision-making
when starting statin therapy?
A. Explaining relative risk reduction and asking patient
preference
B. Prescribing to all patients over age 50 regardless of
values
C. Deferring the decision until lab results return
D. Emphasizing physician’s recommendation as final
o Correct: A
o Rationale: Discussion of benefit/risk and eliciting
values embodies shared decision-making. B is
paternalistic; C delays care unnecessarily; D removes
patient voice.
5. An APP notices a patient speaks limited English. To
ensure understanding of a new antibiotic regimen, the
, APP should:
A. Provide a simplified English pamphlet
B. Use the “teach‐back” method with an interpreter
C. Rely on the patient’s family for translation
D. Give verbal instructions only
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Teach-back confirms comprehension;
professional interpreters ensure accuracy. A may still
be too complex; C risks errors; D lacks confirmation.
6. In which scenario is an APP ethically obligated to report a
prescribing error?
A. When the patient suffers no harm
B. Only if the error reaches the patient
C. Always, to promote accountability and patient safety
D. Only if hospital policy mandates it
o Correct: C
o Rationale: Ethical practice demands disclosure and
reporting to prevent recurrence. A and B perpetuate
under-reporting; D defers to policy rather than ethics.
7. An APP consults current heart failure guidelines before
adjusting a patient’s ACE inhibitor dose. This exemplifies:
A. Prescriptive authority
B. Evidence-based practice
C. Ethical prescribing
D. Polypharmacy avoidance
, o Correct: B
o Rationale: Using guidelines to guide dosing is
evidence-based. A concerns legal scope; C is broader;
D isn’t the focus.
8. Which strategy most effectively promotes medication
adherence in a low-literacy population?
A. Sending daily text reminders
B. Using pictogram-based dosing cards
C. Asking family to manage dosing
D. Providing a detailed drug monograph
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Pictograms overcome reading barriers. A
may help but still relies on reading; C reduces patient
autonomy; D overwhelms.
9. An APP is uncertain whether they can prescribe a
benzodiazepine for anxiety in their state. Their best
resource is:
A. The state’s Nurse Practice Act
B. A national textbook
C. Colleague anecdote
D. The patient’s insurer formulary
o Correct: A
o Rationale: The Nurse Practice Act defines legal scope.
B may not reflect local law; C is informal; D governs
coverage, not legality.
,10. When reviewing a geriatric patient’s chart, the APP
notes duplicate antihypertensives. To address this, they
should:
A. Discontinue both medications
B. Clarify indications with the patient
C. Taper the older prescription immediately
D. Substitute one agent for a diuretic
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Understanding why both were started
informs safe deprescribing. A/C risk withdrawal; D
may not address duplication.
11. An APP considers the cost burden when choosing
between two equivalent drugs. This reflects:
A. Ethical prescribing
B. Shared decision-making
C. Cultural competence
D. Scope of practice
o Correct: A
o Rationale: Ethical practice includes considering
affordability. B involves patient preferences; C
involves cultural factors; D is legal remit.
12. Which practice helps ensure cultural competence
when prescribing?
A. Assuming all patients share similar beliefs
B. Eliciting the patient’s health beliefs and preferences
, C. Using medical jargon to appear authoritative
D. Deferring all decisions to family members
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Asking about beliefs fosters culturally
tailored care. A risks stereotyping; C hinders
communication; D may undermine autonomy.
13. To minimize bias in prescribing, an APP should rely
primarily on:
A. Colleague recommendations
B. Published clinical guidelines
C. Patient’s socioeconomic status
D. Drug sales representatives
o Correct: B
o Rationale: Guidelines are evidence-based and
standardized. A may perpetuate bias; C is irrelevant
clinically; D is conflicted.
14. Which element is NOT required for informed
consent in prescribing?
A. Explanation of benefits and risks
B. Discussion of nonpharmacologic options
C. Disclosure of provider’s financial incentives
D. Assessment of patient understanding
o Correct: C
