Test Bank for Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs

,Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
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PRACTICE
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1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.

B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.


2.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
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momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localize
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d:
A) bleeding.

B) congestion.
C) pale skin.
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D) coolness.


3.
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement o
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f leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in g
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reat numbers?
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A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes

C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets

4.
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the i
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, nitial step in the process?
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A) Engulfment

B) Intracellular killing p1




C) Antigen margination p1




D) Recognition and adherence p1 p1




5.
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capi
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llary permeability and pain?
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A) Serotonin
B) Histamine

C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide p1




6.
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of
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1 the following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative

D) Membranous


7. The acute-
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phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of infla
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mmation and includes: p1 p1




A) fever and lethargy.
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B) decreased C-reactive protein. p1 p1




C) positive nitrogen balance. p1 p1




D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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, 8.
In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterize
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d by which of the following phenomena?
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A) Profuse fibrinous exudation p1 p1




B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis p1 p1 p1




D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages p1 p1 p1




9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin- p1 p1


1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogen
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ous pyrogens that:
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A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
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B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. p1 p1 p1




C) block viral replication in cells.
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D) inhibit prostaglandin release.p1 p1




10
An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempte
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d
.
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflamm
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ation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following event
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s will occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
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A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces p1 p1 p1 p1 p1




B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium p1 p1 p1 p1 p1




D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris p1 p1 p1




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
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. experiencing chronic inflammation? p1 p1




A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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