APhA Immunization Self-Study Evaluation
Questions and Correct Answers
LO 5.4; Module 5— Vaccine Storage and Handling.
If a vaccine has been exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range, the vaccine
should be quarantined and stored in the refrigerator or freezer (as appropriate based on where
the vaccine should usually be stored). In the case, the IIV should be placed back in the
refrigerator. This quarantined vaccine should be clearly marked "do not use" and the
manufacturer should be contacted for further guidance. Pharmacists should document each of
these steps any time there is a break in the cold chain. answer - If a vial of influenza vaccine is
left out of the refrigerator on the pharmacy counter overnight, what should be done with the
vaccine?
Module 3—Measles, Mumps, Rubella. Measles
The classic symptoms of measles include fever, cough, coryza (runny nose), conjunctivitis, Koplik
spots (a bluish-white rash on mucous membranes, especially the mouth), followed by the
development of a maculopapular rash approximately 14 days after exposure. Individuals
infected with mumps may not have symptoms. Others may have nonspecific symptoms, such as
headache, fever, myalgia, and malaise. About 30% to 40% of individuals may experience
inflammation of the parotid glands. Rubella symptoms tend to be relatively mild and may
present as a maculopapular rash that occurs approximately 14 days after exposure. Others may
experience arthritis and arthralgia. Varicella presents as a generalized vesicular rash. answer -
The presence of fever, diffuse maculopapular rash, and Koplik spots are characteristic of which
of the following diseases?
LO2. 1; Module 2—Passive vs. Active Immunity
Acquired immunity involves immunological memory. It is something the body develops upon
exposure to pathogens or antigens and results in antigen-antibody complex formation. Cell-
mediated immunity is a component of acquired immunity and destroys pathogens that have
entered cells. Acquired immunity can be active or passive. Active immunity occurs when an
antigen from an invading pathogen or a vaccine triggers the immune system to respond. Passive
immunity happens when antibodies are provided from another source, such as or upon receipt
,of blood products or immunoglobulin when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus.
This is the reason Tdap is given with every pregnancy—the maternal antibodies passed to the
fetus protect the newborn from pertussis. answer - What is the type of immunity that occurs
when a pregnant woman is vaccinated with Tdap to protect the infant from pertussis after
birth?
Module 4—Educating Patients About Vaccines.
Sociologists have identified five key factors in a person's decision to be vaccinated: 1) perceived
susceptibility to a disease, 2) perceived seriousness of a disease, 3) perceived vaccine benefits,
4) perceived vaccine barriers (e.g., adverse effects, access), and 5) social influence (e.g.,
recommendation from a health care provider) answer - Which of the following is recognized by
sociologists as a factor in a patient's decision whether to be vaccinated?
Module 3 - Pertussis
Pertussis, which is is caused by Bordetella pertussis, infects the respiratory tract and produces
toxins that interfere with the function of the respiratory tract, ultimately causing the
characteristic symptoms of pertussis. Symptoms begin as they would for the common cold but
then transition to the paroxysmal (whooping) cough. Given the impact on the respiratory tract,
pneumonia is the most common complication. Poor oxygenation during the coughing episodes
can lead to hypoxemia and seizures, but these are less common. Colic is inconsolable crying,
which has been attributed to abdominal pain. This is unrelated to pertussis. answer - What is
the most common complication of pertussis?
Module 2—Polysaccharide and Conjugated Vaccines
A pure polysaccharide vaccine does not require T-helper cells to produce an immune response.
It is mediated solely through B cells. As such, they are T cell-independent. The immune systems
in children younger than 2 years of age are too immature to mount an immune response by this
method. In addition, there is no booster effect and any immunity developed is relatively short-
lived. When a polysaccharide vaccine is altered by adding a protein, it is considered conjugated.
The immune response changes to one that is T cell-mediated. This mechanism allows children
younger than 2 years of age to form an immune response. Conjugated vaccines provide longer-
, lasting protection. A recombinant vaccine is made by using recombinant DNA technology. Both
live attenuated vaccines and recombinant vaccines mimic natural infection and involve T cells in
the immune response. answer - Which type of vaccine involves stimulation of B cells without
the assistance of T helper cells?
LO 3.3; Module 3— Herpes Zoster, Contraindications and Precautions
Gelatin can be found in the MMR vaccine, rabies vaccine, typhoid vaccine, varicella vaccine,
yellow fever vaccine, herpes zoster vaccine (HZV), and any combination vaccines that include
these. A patient with a severe allergy to gelatin would have a contraindication to receiving these
vaccines. HZV also contains neomycin, but does not contain egg protein, latex, or tree nuts.
answer - HZV should not be administered to a patient with a history of anaphylaxis to:
LO 2.1; Module 2—Passive and Active Immunity Can Be Complementary
Giving both the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) allows for active and
passive immunity. Active immunity occurs when the antigen from the vaccine triggers the
immune system to respond. The vaccine will provide long-term protection but it takes the body
about two weeks to develop immunity. Passive immunity happens when antibodies are
provided from another source, such as immunoglobulin. Passive immunity is short-live, but it
provides protection right away. answer - A health care provider who has not been vaccinated
against hepatitis B is stuck by a contaminated needle after administering an immunization to a
hepatitis B-positive patient. In addition to hepatitis B vaccine, the health care provider also
should receive hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) as postexposure prophylaxis because the
HBIG provides:
Module 3—Vaccines for International Travel
Mosquito-borne infections for which vaccines are available include yellow fever and Japanese
encephalitis. Typhoid fever is spread by Salmonella typhi in food and water. Hepatitis A is spread
via the fecal-oral route. Haemophilus influenzae type b and measles are spread by respiratory
transmission. answer - Which of the following diseases are transmitted through mosquito
bites?
LO 4.8; Module 4—Common Adverse Events
Questions and Correct Answers
LO 5.4; Module 5— Vaccine Storage and Handling.
If a vaccine has been exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range, the vaccine
should be quarantined and stored in the refrigerator or freezer (as appropriate based on where
the vaccine should usually be stored). In the case, the IIV should be placed back in the
refrigerator. This quarantined vaccine should be clearly marked "do not use" and the
manufacturer should be contacted for further guidance. Pharmacists should document each of
these steps any time there is a break in the cold chain. answer - If a vial of influenza vaccine is
left out of the refrigerator on the pharmacy counter overnight, what should be done with the
vaccine?
Module 3—Measles, Mumps, Rubella. Measles
The classic symptoms of measles include fever, cough, coryza (runny nose), conjunctivitis, Koplik
spots (a bluish-white rash on mucous membranes, especially the mouth), followed by the
development of a maculopapular rash approximately 14 days after exposure. Individuals
infected with mumps may not have symptoms. Others may have nonspecific symptoms, such as
headache, fever, myalgia, and malaise. About 30% to 40% of individuals may experience
inflammation of the parotid glands. Rubella symptoms tend to be relatively mild and may
present as a maculopapular rash that occurs approximately 14 days after exposure. Others may
experience arthritis and arthralgia. Varicella presents as a generalized vesicular rash. answer -
The presence of fever, diffuse maculopapular rash, and Koplik spots are characteristic of which
of the following diseases?
LO2. 1; Module 2—Passive vs. Active Immunity
Acquired immunity involves immunological memory. It is something the body develops upon
exposure to pathogens or antigens and results in antigen-antibody complex formation. Cell-
mediated immunity is a component of acquired immunity and destroys pathogens that have
entered cells. Acquired immunity can be active or passive. Active immunity occurs when an
antigen from an invading pathogen or a vaccine triggers the immune system to respond. Passive
immunity happens when antibodies are provided from another source, such as or upon receipt
,of blood products or immunoglobulin when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus.
This is the reason Tdap is given with every pregnancy—the maternal antibodies passed to the
fetus protect the newborn from pertussis. answer - What is the type of immunity that occurs
when a pregnant woman is vaccinated with Tdap to protect the infant from pertussis after
birth?
Module 4—Educating Patients About Vaccines.
Sociologists have identified five key factors in a person's decision to be vaccinated: 1) perceived
susceptibility to a disease, 2) perceived seriousness of a disease, 3) perceived vaccine benefits,
4) perceived vaccine barriers (e.g., adverse effects, access), and 5) social influence (e.g.,
recommendation from a health care provider) answer - Which of the following is recognized by
sociologists as a factor in a patient's decision whether to be vaccinated?
Module 3 - Pertussis
Pertussis, which is is caused by Bordetella pertussis, infects the respiratory tract and produces
toxins that interfere with the function of the respiratory tract, ultimately causing the
characteristic symptoms of pertussis. Symptoms begin as they would for the common cold but
then transition to the paroxysmal (whooping) cough. Given the impact on the respiratory tract,
pneumonia is the most common complication. Poor oxygenation during the coughing episodes
can lead to hypoxemia and seizures, but these are less common. Colic is inconsolable crying,
which has been attributed to abdominal pain. This is unrelated to pertussis. answer - What is
the most common complication of pertussis?
Module 2—Polysaccharide and Conjugated Vaccines
A pure polysaccharide vaccine does not require T-helper cells to produce an immune response.
It is mediated solely through B cells. As such, they are T cell-independent. The immune systems
in children younger than 2 years of age are too immature to mount an immune response by this
method. In addition, there is no booster effect and any immunity developed is relatively short-
lived. When a polysaccharide vaccine is altered by adding a protein, it is considered conjugated.
The immune response changes to one that is T cell-mediated. This mechanism allows children
younger than 2 years of age to form an immune response. Conjugated vaccines provide longer-
, lasting protection. A recombinant vaccine is made by using recombinant DNA technology. Both
live attenuated vaccines and recombinant vaccines mimic natural infection and involve T cells in
the immune response. answer - Which type of vaccine involves stimulation of B cells without
the assistance of T helper cells?
LO 3.3; Module 3— Herpes Zoster, Contraindications and Precautions
Gelatin can be found in the MMR vaccine, rabies vaccine, typhoid vaccine, varicella vaccine,
yellow fever vaccine, herpes zoster vaccine (HZV), and any combination vaccines that include
these. A patient with a severe allergy to gelatin would have a contraindication to receiving these
vaccines. HZV also contains neomycin, but does not contain egg protein, latex, or tree nuts.
answer - HZV should not be administered to a patient with a history of anaphylaxis to:
LO 2.1; Module 2—Passive and Active Immunity Can Be Complementary
Giving both the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) allows for active and
passive immunity. Active immunity occurs when the antigen from the vaccine triggers the
immune system to respond. The vaccine will provide long-term protection but it takes the body
about two weeks to develop immunity. Passive immunity happens when antibodies are
provided from another source, such as immunoglobulin. Passive immunity is short-live, but it
provides protection right away. answer - A health care provider who has not been vaccinated
against hepatitis B is stuck by a contaminated needle after administering an immunization to a
hepatitis B-positive patient. In addition to hepatitis B vaccine, the health care provider also
should receive hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) as postexposure prophylaxis because the
HBIG provides:
Module 3—Vaccines for International Travel
Mosquito-borne infections for which vaccines are available include yellow fever and Japanese
encephalitis. Typhoid fever is spread by Salmonella typhi in food and water. Hepatitis A is spread
via the fecal-oral route. Haemophilus influenzae type b and measles are spread by respiratory
transmission. answer - Which of the following diseases are transmitted through mosquito
bites?
LO 4.8; Module 4—Common Adverse Events
