Comprehensive Guide to Acing PKSC 1020 Test 3 - Batt.
An Ultimate Guide to Top Score with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026
Definition of Packaging in a dictionary - ans"A protective unit for storing or shipping a
commodity" (too limiting.)
Definition of Packaging in a textbook - ans"Coordinated system of preparing goods for
transport , distribution, storage, retailing and use of goods." (still doesn't cover it well)
How the Clemson Packaging Program defines it - ans"It is a field that involves the use of
materials, methods and machinery (3M,s) to develop and produce the packages that protect
and preserve a product, help market the product and instruct the consumer in its proper use."
Earliest packaging - ansConsider what life was like in ancient days
Packaging provided simple function of containment
Earliest packages were from natural sources (grass, seashells, wood)
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
3000 B.C - ansEgyptians learn to blow and cast glass
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
105 A.D - ansPaper was invented in China
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
c. 1500 - ansCork stopper used for wine bottles (First protective packaging) without you get
"spontaneous generation"--- pasture bends flask
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1809 - ansNicholas Appert- Canning process
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1810 - ansPeter Durand- Develops "canister"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1868 - ansJohn Hyatt - patent for celluloid, leading to development of cellulose, first "plastic"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
c. 1895 - ansToothpaste first offered in tubes
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1877 - ansQuaker oats first used the "Quaker man" to represent their product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1897 - ansFirst major use of paperboard for National Biscuit Company "Unedda" Biscuit
product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
Late 1800's- early 1900's - ansFirst major use of graphics to sell product
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII - ansMovement from bulk packaging to retail
packaging
Illustrates how social changes interact with packaging developments
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII
1930 - anspolyethylene discovered in England, eventually one of the most commonly used
packaging plastics (ziploc)
Late 20th Century Packaging
1950's-60's - ansConvience and Brand expansion
Late 20th Century Packaging
1970's - ansImprovements in distribution
Late 20th Century Packaging
1980's - ansImprovements barrier films and microwave packages
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990's - ansEnvironmental awareness and market globalization
Late 20th Century Packaging
1954 - ansPolypropylene second most used packaging plastic
Late 20th Century Packaging
,Comprehensive Guide to Acing PKSC 1020 Test 3 - Batt.
An Ultimate Guide to Top Score with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026
1960-1970 - ansLaws clarified and improved
Late 20th Century Packaging
1987 - ansNJ enacts the first statewide recycling law
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990 - ansNutritional Labeling and Education Act
Review of Timelines
Earliest - ans(Unrecorded)
Review of Timelines
Ancient Man-made - ans(3000 B.C- 1500)
Review of Timelines
Industrial Revolution Developments - ans(1800's to early 1900's)
Review of Timelines
Late 20th Century - ans(Post WWII - present)
Importance of packaging to society - ansEssential for us to have and get what we want
Reduces waste
In underdeveloped countries - ans50% of food produced never reaches consumers
In U.S. - ansOnly 3% for Processed food and 10-15% for fresh is wasted
Future Trends - ansAway from glass and metal toward plastics and composites
Away from toward flexible and semi-rigid
Metallized instead of foil laminates
Tamper evident and anti-theft devices
More informative ex.) OTC drug pkgs
Convenience ex.) easy open/reseal
Reduced packaging
Incorporation of more recycled materials
More technically complex packaging:breathable, temp. sensors, oxygen absorbers,
holographic images
Packaging Users/Producers - ansMost companies are either users or suppliers
Some larger companies can be users and suppliers
A raw material producer may also be a converter
Packaging Functions Overview - ansContain
Protect/ Preserve
Inform/ Sell
Provide convenience or utility of use
Levels of Packaging
Primary - ansPackage directly in contact with the product
Ex. Cereal bag inside a box
Levels of Packaging
Secondary - ansPackage holding one or more primary package
Ex. Box holding bagged cereal
Levels of Packaging
Tertiary - ansShipping or distribution package, "shippers"
Ex. Corrugated box used to ship a number of cereal boxes
Levels of Packaging
Quaternary - ansUnit load
Ex. Stretch wrapper pallet load of corrugated shipping containers
Many Products do not require all four levels of packaging. - ansEx. Corrugated container
holding a fridge can be a primary and tertiary at the same time.
Ex. Deodorant sticks have primary package, no 2nd, but 3rd and 4th.
, Comprehensive Guide to Acing PKSC 1020 Test 3 - Batt.
An Ultimate Guide to Top Score with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026
Functions of a package
Containment - ansOldest packaging function.
Products physical form - ansViscous, free-flowing liquid, solid.
Products Nature (characteristics) - ansPerishable, Shape, under pressure
Protect - ansProtect package from elements (Water, Oxygen, Light, Bacterial, Germs.)
Shock and Vibration
Protect consumer from the contents (corrosive or dangerous products which involve child
resistant packages)
Protect against tampering (tamper evident or resistant but never tamper proof)
Freshness indicators for food
Inform/Sell
Information Required by Law - ansContents
Nutrition Label
Warnings
Shipping Information
Motivational Information (not required by law) - ansType of material
Shape and size
Color
Typography
Symbols or icons
Illustrations or photographic images
Games
Recipes
Know the term "trade dress" - ansIncludes shape, color and print
Covered under trademark law
Ex. Coca-Cola, Disney Characters, Sports teams, University logos.
Utility of use (Provide connivence)
For the consumer - ansEasy open/ closing - Resealing
Squeezable
Microwavable
Unit dose
Utility of use (Provide connivence)
For the retailer - ansSize
Orientation for shelf display
Point of purchase displays
Utility of use (Provide connivence)
For the shipper/ distributor - ansHand holds
Fork truck cut outs
Reusable Totes
Four categories of materials - ansPaper and Paperboard (wood products)
Metals (Steel and Aluminum)
Glass
Plastic (petrochemicals)
Wood/ Paper and Paperboard
Raw Material - ansWood
Applications for wood in packaging - ansBarrels
Crates
Nailed or Wire-bound boxes
Pallets and skids
An Ultimate Guide to Top Score with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026
Definition of Packaging in a dictionary - ans"A protective unit for storing or shipping a
commodity" (too limiting.)
Definition of Packaging in a textbook - ans"Coordinated system of preparing goods for
transport , distribution, storage, retailing and use of goods." (still doesn't cover it well)
How the Clemson Packaging Program defines it - ans"It is a field that involves the use of
materials, methods and machinery (3M,s) to develop and produce the packages that protect
and preserve a product, help market the product and instruct the consumer in its proper use."
Earliest packaging - ansConsider what life was like in ancient days
Packaging provided simple function of containment
Earliest packages were from natural sources (grass, seashells, wood)
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
3000 B.C - ansEgyptians learn to blow and cast glass
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
105 A.D - ansPaper was invented in China
Notable developments in Ancient Man-made Packages
c. 1500 - ansCork stopper used for wine bottles (First protective packaging) without you get
"spontaneous generation"--- pasture bends flask
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1809 - ansNicholas Appert- Canning process
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1810 - ansPeter Durand- Develops "canister"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1868 - ansJohn Hyatt - patent for celluloid, leading to development of cellulose, first "plastic"
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
c. 1895 - ansToothpaste first offered in tubes
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1877 - ansQuaker oats first used the "Quaker man" to represent their product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
1897 - ansFirst major use of paperboard for National Biscuit Company "Unedda" Biscuit
product
Notable Developments During the Industrial Revolution
Late 1800's- early 1900's - ansFirst major use of graphics to sell product
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII - ansMovement from bulk packaging to retail
packaging
Illustrates how social changes interact with packaging developments
End of Industrial Revolution and around WWII
1930 - anspolyethylene discovered in England, eventually one of the most commonly used
packaging plastics (ziploc)
Late 20th Century Packaging
1950's-60's - ansConvience and Brand expansion
Late 20th Century Packaging
1970's - ansImprovements in distribution
Late 20th Century Packaging
1980's - ansImprovements barrier films and microwave packages
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990's - ansEnvironmental awareness and market globalization
Late 20th Century Packaging
1954 - ansPolypropylene second most used packaging plastic
Late 20th Century Packaging
,Comprehensive Guide to Acing PKSC 1020 Test 3 - Batt.
An Ultimate Guide to Top Score with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026
1960-1970 - ansLaws clarified and improved
Late 20th Century Packaging
1987 - ansNJ enacts the first statewide recycling law
Late 20th Century Packaging
1990 - ansNutritional Labeling and Education Act
Review of Timelines
Earliest - ans(Unrecorded)
Review of Timelines
Ancient Man-made - ans(3000 B.C- 1500)
Review of Timelines
Industrial Revolution Developments - ans(1800's to early 1900's)
Review of Timelines
Late 20th Century - ans(Post WWII - present)
Importance of packaging to society - ansEssential for us to have and get what we want
Reduces waste
In underdeveloped countries - ans50% of food produced never reaches consumers
In U.S. - ansOnly 3% for Processed food and 10-15% for fresh is wasted
Future Trends - ansAway from glass and metal toward plastics and composites
Away from toward flexible and semi-rigid
Metallized instead of foil laminates
Tamper evident and anti-theft devices
More informative ex.) OTC drug pkgs
Convenience ex.) easy open/reseal
Reduced packaging
Incorporation of more recycled materials
More technically complex packaging:breathable, temp. sensors, oxygen absorbers,
holographic images
Packaging Users/Producers - ansMost companies are either users or suppliers
Some larger companies can be users and suppliers
A raw material producer may also be a converter
Packaging Functions Overview - ansContain
Protect/ Preserve
Inform/ Sell
Provide convenience or utility of use
Levels of Packaging
Primary - ansPackage directly in contact with the product
Ex. Cereal bag inside a box
Levels of Packaging
Secondary - ansPackage holding one or more primary package
Ex. Box holding bagged cereal
Levels of Packaging
Tertiary - ansShipping or distribution package, "shippers"
Ex. Corrugated box used to ship a number of cereal boxes
Levels of Packaging
Quaternary - ansUnit load
Ex. Stretch wrapper pallet load of corrugated shipping containers
Many Products do not require all four levels of packaging. - ansEx. Corrugated container
holding a fridge can be a primary and tertiary at the same time.
Ex. Deodorant sticks have primary package, no 2nd, but 3rd and 4th.
, Comprehensive Guide to Acing PKSC 1020 Test 3 - Batt.
An Ultimate Guide to Top Score with Grade A+
Latest Updated 2025/2026
Functions of a package
Containment - ansOldest packaging function.
Products physical form - ansViscous, free-flowing liquid, solid.
Products Nature (characteristics) - ansPerishable, Shape, under pressure
Protect - ansProtect package from elements (Water, Oxygen, Light, Bacterial, Germs.)
Shock and Vibration
Protect consumer from the contents (corrosive or dangerous products which involve child
resistant packages)
Protect against tampering (tamper evident or resistant but never tamper proof)
Freshness indicators for food
Inform/Sell
Information Required by Law - ansContents
Nutrition Label
Warnings
Shipping Information
Motivational Information (not required by law) - ansType of material
Shape and size
Color
Typography
Symbols or icons
Illustrations or photographic images
Games
Recipes
Know the term "trade dress" - ansIncludes shape, color and print
Covered under trademark law
Ex. Coca-Cola, Disney Characters, Sports teams, University logos.
Utility of use (Provide connivence)
For the consumer - ansEasy open/ closing - Resealing
Squeezable
Microwavable
Unit dose
Utility of use (Provide connivence)
For the retailer - ansSize
Orientation for shelf display
Point of purchase displays
Utility of use (Provide connivence)
For the shipper/ distributor - ansHand holds
Fork truck cut outs
Reusable Totes
Four categories of materials - ansPaper and Paperboard (wood products)
Metals (Steel and Aluminum)
Glass
Plastic (petrochemicals)
Wood/ Paper and Paperboard
Raw Material - ansWood
Applications for wood in packaging - ansBarrels
Crates
Nailed or Wire-bound boxes
Pallets and skids
