Anatomy and Physiology, 1e Chapter 23: The Digestive System

Anatomy and Physiology, 1e Chapter 23: The Digestive SystemIcebreaker • The human body requires nutrients in order to produce ATP, necessary molecules, and cells. • We ingest food that our bodies break down in order to gain these nutrients. • How does the body break down the food we eat? • How do we absorb the nutrients in that food? • What happens if we can not break down something that we have eaten? • In this chapter we will discuss the anatomy and functions of the digestive system. Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3 Overview of the Digestive System Section 23.1 Learning Objectives 23.1.1–23.1.4 Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4 Functions of the Digestive System 1. Ingestion—intake of food and drink 2. Digestion—break down of ingested material 3. Secretion—production and release of fluids and enzymes associated with digestive activity 4. Mixing and propulsion—mixing with secretions and moving through digestive system 5. Absorption—absorbing nutrients in ingested material into the blood 6. Excretion—elimination of wastes via fecal material Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5 Organs of the Digestive System (Figure 23.1) • Digestive (GI) tract • Series of organs through which ingested material moves • Breaks down and absorbs nutrients • Accessory digestive organs • Not part of GI tract • Have function associated with digestive activity • Liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6 Connections to Other Body Systems (Table 23.1) • Digestive system works cooperatively with other systems • Cardiovascular system absorbs nutrients and circulates them following digestion • Specific endocrine cells secrete hormones that regulate digestive activity • Skin is involved in production of vitamin D Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7 Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract (Figure 23.2A) • Continuous tube divided into different organs • Sections of GI tract: 1. Mouth 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small intestine 6. Large intestine (colon) 7. Anus Elizabeth Co, Anatomy and Physiology, 1st Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8 Accessory Organs (Figure 23.2B) • Aid in the break down of ingested material • Accessory organs include: 1. Teeth 2. Tongue 3. Salivary glands