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BIOS 256 Final Exam 2025 Actual – Chamberlain
Anatomy & Physiology IV with Lab | Complete Essay
& MCQ Answers | 100% Score Guarantee
1. What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
A. Produce insulin
B. Filter blood and form urine
C. Store bile
D. Digest carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste, regulate electrolytes, and form
urine. Insulin production occurs in the pancreas, bile storage in the gallbladder, and
carbohydrate digestion in the digestive system.
2. Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for filtration?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Glomerulus
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The glomerulus, a network of capillaries in the nephron, filters blood to form
filtrate. Other structures reabsorb, secrete, or concentrate urine.
3. What hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, concentrating urine.
Aldosterone regulates sodium, cortisol affects metabolism, and epinephrine impacts heart
rate.
4. Which electrolyte is primarily regulated by the kidneys to maintain acid -base balance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Bicarbonate
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys regulate bicarbonate to buffer blood pH. Sodium, potassium, and
calcium are regulated but less directly impact acid -base balance.
5. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
, 2
D. Osteon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the kidney’s functional unit, responsible for filtration,
reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. Other structures belong to different systems.
6. Which part of the male reproductive system produces sperm?
A. Epididymis
B. Vas deferens
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. Prostate gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Seminiferous tubules in the testes produce sperm. The epididymis stores
sperm, vas deferens transports it, and the prostate gland secretes seminal fluid.
7. What is the primary male sex hormone?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Testosterone
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Testosterone, produced by the testes, drives male sexual development.
Estrogen and progesterone are female hormones, and FSH regulates reproduction.
8. Which structure in the female reproductive system is the site of fertilization?
A. Ovary
B. Uterus
C. Fallopian tube
D. Cervix
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube. Ovaries produce eggs, the
uterus supports pregnancy, and the cervix connects to the vagina.
9. What hormone triggers ovulation in females?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Progesterone
C. Estrogen
D. Human chorionic gonadotropin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: LH surge triggers ovulation. Progesterone maintains pregnancy, estrogen
supports follicle development, and hCG sustains early pregnancy.
10. Which fluid cushions the fetus during pregnancy?
A. Cerebrospinal fluid
B. Synovial fluid
C. Amniotic fluid
D. Pleural fluid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amniotic fluid protects and cushions the fetus in the uterus. Other fluids serve
different roles in the body.
11. What is the primary function of the ureters?
A. Store urine
BIOS 256 Final Exam 2025 Actual – Chamberlain
Anatomy & Physiology IV with Lab | Complete Essay
& MCQ Answers | 100% Score Guarantee
1. What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
A. Produce insulin
B. Filter blood and form urine
C. Store bile
D. Digest carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste, regulate electrolytes, and form
urine. Insulin production occurs in the pancreas, bile storage in the gallbladder, and
carbohydrate digestion in the digestive system.
2. Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for filtration?
A. Loop of Henle
B. Glomerulus
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Collecting duct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The glomerulus, a network of capillaries in the nephron, filters blood to form
filtrate. Other structures reabsorb, secrete, or concentrate urine.
3. What hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, concentrating urine.
Aldosterone regulates sodium, cortisol affects metabolism, and epinephrine impacts heart
rate.
4. Which electrolyte is primarily regulated by the kidneys to maintain acid -base balance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Bicarbonate
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys regulate bicarbonate to buffer blood pH. Sodium, potassium, and
calcium are regulated but less directly impact acid -base balance.
5. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
, 2
D. Osteon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nephron is the kidney’s functional unit, responsible for filtration,
reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. Other structures belong to different systems.
6. Which part of the male reproductive system produces sperm?
A. Epididymis
B. Vas deferens
C. Seminiferous tubules
D. Prostate gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Seminiferous tubules in the testes produce sperm. The epididymis stores
sperm, vas deferens transports it, and the prostate gland secretes seminal fluid.
7. What is the primary male sex hormone?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Testosterone
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Testosterone, produced by the testes, drives male sexual development.
Estrogen and progesterone are female hormones, and FSH regulates reproduction.
8. Which structure in the female reproductive system is the site of fertilization?
A. Ovary
B. Uterus
C. Fallopian tube
D. Cervix
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube. Ovaries produce eggs, the
uterus supports pregnancy, and the cervix connects to the vagina.
9. What hormone triggers ovulation in females?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Progesterone
C. Estrogen
D. Human chorionic gonadotropin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: LH surge triggers ovulation. Progesterone maintains pregnancy, estrogen
supports follicle development, and hCG sustains early pregnancy.
10. Which fluid cushions the fetus during pregnancy?
A. Cerebrospinal fluid
B. Synovial fluid
C. Amniotic fluid
D. Pleural fluid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amniotic fluid protects and cushions the fetus in the uterus. Other fluids serve
different roles in the body.
11. What is the primary function of the ureters?
A. Store urine
