FULL TEST BANK FOR DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES, 5TH
EDITION, JOEN IANNUCCI, LAURA HOWERTON COMPLETE CREDIBLE CHAPTERS 1-35
GRADED A+
,Contents
Chapter 01: Radiation History ............................................................................................ 4
Chapter 02: Radiation Physics ............................................................................................ 8
Chapter 03: Radiation Characteristics ............................................................................... 26
Chapter 04: Radiation Biology .......................................................................................... 37
Chapter 05: Radiation Protection ..................................................................................... 54
Chapter 06: Dental X-Ray Equipment ................................................................................ 67
Chapter 07: Dental X-Ray Film .......................................................................................... 73
Chapter 08: Dental X-Ray Image Characteristics ................................................................ 92
Chapter 09: Dental X-Ray Film Processing ....................................................................... 102
Chapter 10: Quality Assurance in the Dental Office ......................................................... 122
Chapter 11: Dental Radiographs and the Dental Radiographer ........................................ 133
Chapter 12: Patient Relations and the Dental Radiographer............................................ 139
Chapter 13: Patient Education and the Dental Radiographer........................................... 144
Chapter 14: Legal Issues and the Dental Radiographer .................................................... 151
Chapter 15: Infection Control and the Dental Radiographer ............................................ 159
Chapter 16: Introduction to Radiographic Examinations ................................................. 174
Chapter 17: Paralleling Technique .................................................................................. 180
Chapter 18: Bisecting Technique..................................................................................... 196
Chapter 19: Bite-Wing Technique ................................................................................... 211
Chapter 20: Exposure and Technique Errors.................................................................... 220
Chapter 21: Occlusal and Localization Techniques........................................................... 234
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging ...................................................................................... 242
Chapter 23: Extraoral Imaging ........................................................................................ 256
Chapter 24: Imaging of Patients with Special Needs ........................................................ 268
Chapter 25: Digital Imaging ............................................................................................ 276
Chapter 26: Three-Dimensional Digital Imaging .............................................................. 285
Chapter 27: Normal Anatomy: Intraoral ......................................................................... 296
,Chapter 28: Film Mounting and Viewing ......................................................................... 328
Chapter 29: Normal Anatomy: Panoramic Images ........................................................... 336
Chapter 30: Introduction to Image Interpretation ........................................................... 353
Chapter 31: Descriptive Terminology .............................................................................. 356
Chapter 32: Identification of Restorations, Dental Materials, and Foreign Objects .......... 364
Chapter 33: Interpretation of Dental Caries .................................................................... 372
Chapter 34: Interpretation of Periodontal Disease .......................................................... 379
Chapter 35: Interpretation of Trauma and Pulpal and Periapical Lesions ......................... 385
,Chapter 01: Radiation History
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Radiation is defined as
a. a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
b. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a
receptor.
c. a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in
an x-ray tube.
d. a branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
ANS:A
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-ray is a beam of energy that
has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a receptor. X-radiation is a high-
energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube.
Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and
radiobiology
2. A radiograph is defined as
a. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
shadows on a receptor.
b. a picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
c. the art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image receptor to x- rays.
d. a form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
ANS:B
An x-ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on
a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x- rays through an object or
body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental images by the exposure of a receptor to x-
rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-
radiation
,MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and
radiobiology
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is the correct
response?
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically.
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of dental
images.
ANS:D
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically. Many dental
diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images are a necessary
component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through
the use of dental images.
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
4. The x-ray was discovered by
a. Heinrich Geissler
b. Wilhelm Roentgen
c. Johann Hittorf
d. William Crookes
ANS:B
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the x-ray on
November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from the negative electrode
of a vacuum tube travelled in straight lines, produced heat,
and resulted in a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode rays
were streams of charged particles.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
, 5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
a. Otto Walkoff
b. Wilhelm Roentgen
c. Edmund Kells
d. Weston Price
ANS:C
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentgen was a
Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the
United States using a live person. Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
6. Current fast radiographic film requires % less exposure time than the initial exposure times
used in 1920.
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
d. 2
ANS:D
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure times used in
1920.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 OBJ: 6 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-
radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long- cone technique?
a. C. Edmund Kells
b. Franklin W. McCormack
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald
d. Howard Riley Raper
EDITION, JOEN IANNUCCI, LAURA HOWERTON COMPLETE CREDIBLE CHAPTERS 1-35
GRADED A+
,Contents
Chapter 01: Radiation History ............................................................................................ 4
Chapter 02: Radiation Physics ............................................................................................ 8
Chapter 03: Radiation Characteristics ............................................................................... 26
Chapter 04: Radiation Biology .......................................................................................... 37
Chapter 05: Radiation Protection ..................................................................................... 54
Chapter 06: Dental X-Ray Equipment ................................................................................ 67
Chapter 07: Dental X-Ray Film .......................................................................................... 73
Chapter 08: Dental X-Ray Image Characteristics ................................................................ 92
Chapter 09: Dental X-Ray Film Processing ....................................................................... 102
Chapter 10: Quality Assurance in the Dental Office ......................................................... 122
Chapter 11: Dental Radiographs and the Dental Radiographer ........................................ 133
Chapter 12: Patient Relations and the Dental Radiographer............................................ 139
Chapter 13: Patient Education and the Dental Radiographer........................................... 144
Chapter 14: Legal Issues and the Dental Radiographer .................................................... 151
Chapter 15: Infection Control and the Dental Radiographer ............................................ 159
Chapter 16: Introduction to Radiographic Examinations ................................................. 174
Chapter 17: Paralleling Technique .................................................................................. 180
Chapter 18: Bisecting Technique..................................................................................... 196
Chapter 19: Bite-Wing Technique ................................................................................... 211
Chapter 20: Exposure and Technique Errors.................................................................... 220
Chapter 21: Occlusal and Localization Techniques........................................................... 234
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging ...................................................................................... 242
Chapter 23: Extraoral Imaging ........................................................................................ 256
Chapter 24: Imaging of Patients with Special Needs ........................................................ 268
Chapter 25: Digital Imaging ............................................................................................ 276
Chapter 26: Three-Dimensional Digital Imaging .............................................................. 285
Chapter 27: Normal Anatomy: Intraoral ......................................................................... 296
,Chapter 28: Film Mounting and Viewing ......................................................................... 328
Chapter 29: Normal Anatomy: Panoramic Images ........................................................... 336
Chapter 30: Introduction to Image Interpretation ........................................................... 353
Chapter 31: Descriptive Terminology .............................................................................. 356
Chapter 32: Identification of Restorations, Dental Materials, and Foreign Objects .......... 364
Chapter 33: Interpretation of Dental Caries .................................................................... 372
Chapter 34: Interpretation of Periodontal Disease .......................................................... 379
Chapter 35: Interpretation of Trauma and Pulpal and Periapical Lesions ......................... 385
,Chapter 01: Radiation History
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Radiation is defined as
a. a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
b. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a
receptor.
c. a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in
an x-ray tube.
d. a branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
ANS:A
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-ray is a beam of energy that
has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a receptor. X-radiation is a high-
energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube.
Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and
radiobiology
2. A radiograph is defined as
a. a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image
shadows on a receptor.
b. a picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
c. the art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image receptor to x- rays.
d. a form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
ANS:B
An x-ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on
a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x- rays through an object or
body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental images by the exposure of a receptor to x-
rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-
radiation
,MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysics and
radiobiology
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is the correct
response?
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically.
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of dental
images.
ANS:D
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically. Many dental
diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images are a necessary
component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through
the use of dental images.
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
4. The x-ray was discovered by
a. Heinrich Geissler
b. Wilhelm Roentgen
c. Johann Hittorf
d. William Crookes
ANS:B
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the x-ray on
November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from the negative electrode
of a vacuum tube travelled in straight lines, produced heat,
and resulted in a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode rays
were streams of charged particles.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
, 5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
a. Otto Walkoff
b. Wilhelm Roentgen
c. Edmund Kells
d. Weston Price
ANS:C
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentgen was a
Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the
United States using a live person. Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
6. Current fast radiographic film requires % less exposure time than the initial exposure times
used in 1920.
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
d. 2
ANS:D
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure times used in
1920.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 OBJ: 6 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-
radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long- cone technique?
a. C. Edmund Kells
b. Franklin W. McCormack
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald
d. Howard Riley Raper
