Portage Statistics Module 3 Comprehensive Questions (Frequently Tested) with Verified Answers.

Portage Statistics Module 3
Comprehensive Questions (Frequently
Tested) with Verified Answers
Probability Range - Answer: 0-1.0, closer to 1.0 for an event the greater likelihood the event will
occur. 0.0 the lower the likelihood that event will occur. 0.5 indicates the likelihood the event
happens is equal to the likelihood the event does not occur



Experiment - Answer: process or activity that generates observable well-defined otucomes



Sample Point - Answer: Each outcome of an experiment



Sample Space - Answer: The set of all possible outcomes an experiment may produce



It is in form of a set and written as

S= {list of sample points} ex: S={heads,tails}



Probability distribution - Answer: lists outcomes of a probability experiment with the probability
for each outcome



Probability Rules - Answer: 1) probability for each outcome is between 0-1 inclusive

Ei(single event)

P(Ei) probability of an event

0 <_ P(Ei) <_ 1 for each i



2) sum of probabilities for all outcomes will equal 1

P(E1)+P(E2)...+P(En) = 1

, Calculating Probability - Answer: Classic Method & relative frequency method (empirical
method)



Classical Method for calculating probability - Answer: Used when all outcomes of sample space
are equally likely to occur

Equally likely- n possibilities, 1/nth is the probability of occurring if chances are all the same

ex

S={1 2 3 4 5 6}

n=6

P(1)=1/6, P(2)=1/6.. so on



Relative Frequency Method/Empirical method of assigning probability - Answer: Freq calculated
by dividing numbers an event occurs divided by the total number of trials



P(E)=#event E observed/occurs / #trials in experiment

P(E)=N(E)/N(S)



Counting Techniques (3 of em) - Answer: Classical method for probabilities utilizes counting
techniques

1. multiplication rule

2. combination rule

3. permutation rule



Multiplication Rule - Answer: Used for multi-step experiments

ex flipping coin