Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology
Final Exam
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs - answer
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - answer Drugs affect the nervous
system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic
their actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - answer Expectorants, mucolytic, antitussives,
bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - answerNSAIDs, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs - answer
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs - answer
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - answerAntiparasitic drugs work by destroying
parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous
system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health - answer
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control - answerkeeping the staff
informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items
will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g.,
expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products,
organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders
on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: Agonist - answerDrug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into
action
Define: Contraindication - answerA reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy - answerthe degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: Over-the-counter drug - answerOne that may be purchased without prescription
from a veterinarian
,Define: Prescription Drug - answerOne that must be used under the supervision of a
veterinarina
Define: Receptor - answera group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with
a drug to produce an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index - answerexpresses the relationship between a drug's
therapeutic and harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time - answerAmount of time that must elapse between the end of
drug therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - answerRelationship that must exist
between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - answerAnimal product, plant material,
minerals, synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - answerDose, route, frequency, and
duration of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist - answer1.vet must assume responsibility for making
clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders - answerTo
carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure
proper drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by
correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side
effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion
- answerDrug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind
with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to
capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell
and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell
and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for
metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - answerOral,
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac,
intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
,List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - answerMethod of absorption,
pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area,
solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - answerLiver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - answerKidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ -
answerReceptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company
is called - answerTrade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - answernames (generic and
trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot
number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use
of animal health products? - answerFDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they
use? - answerProfit earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products - answerPurchased from
manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one
label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ -
answerThe Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? - answerProvides resources concerning the avoidance
of drug residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by
what act of congress? - answerAnimal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding - answerDiluting or combingin existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products - answerMay cause allergic
reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant
strains of bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions - answerPharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and
pharmaceutic
, Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized
by the_____ - answerLiver
Define: Ethical Product - answerone sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ - answerMetabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ - answerIndication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests - answerA. Practical experience.
Define: extralabel - answerUsing a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ -
answerPharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________ - answerby injections.
The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was
administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____ -
answerMetabolism (biotransformation)
Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ -
answerefficacy
An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? - answerFalse
List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted
drugs. - answer1.Incinerate when possible
2.Send to landfill when incinerated
3.Never flush down drain or toilet
4.Maintain close inventory control
5.Follow state and federal guidelines
6.Educate clients on proper disposal techniques.
Name 4 common Drug Preparations - answerDrugs for oral administration, drugs for
parenteral administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical inhalations.
Boluses are used in the treatment of - answerLarge animals with a balling gun
name two types of parenteral injection forms - answerinjections, implants.
Final Exam
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs - answer
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - answer Drugs affect the nervous
system by acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic
their actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - answer Expectorants, mucolytic, antitussives,
bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - answerNSAIDs, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs - answer
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs - answer
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - answerAntiparasitic drugs work by destroying
parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous
system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health - answer
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control - answerkeeping the staff
informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items
will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g.,
expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products,
organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders
on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: Agonist - answerDrug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into
action
Define: Contraindication - answerA reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy - answerthe degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: Over-the-counter drug - answerOne that may be purchased without prescription
from a veterinarian
,Define: Prescription Drug - answerOne that must be used under the supervision of a
veterinarina
Define: Receptor - answera group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with
a drug to produce an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index - answerexpresses the relationship between a drug's
therapeutic and harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time - answerAmount of time that must elapse between the end of
drug therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - answerRelationship that must exist
between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - answerAnimal product, plant material,
minerals, synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - answerDose, route, frequency, and
duration of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist - answer1.vet must assume responsibility for making
clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders - answerTo
carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure
proper drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by
correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side
effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion
- answerDrug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind
with plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to
capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell
and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell
and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for
metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - answerOral,
subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac,
intramedullary, inhalation, topical, intradermal
,List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - answerMethod of absorption,
pH of the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area,
solubility of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - answerLiver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - answerKidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ -
answerReceptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company
is called - answerTrade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - answernames (generic and
trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot
number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use
of animal health products? - answerFDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they
use? - answerProfit earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products - answerPurchased from
manufacturers, distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one
label to graduate veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ -
answerThe Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? - answerProvides resources concerning the avoidance
of drug residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by
what act of congress? - answerAnimal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding - answerDiluting or combingin existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products - answerMay cause allergic
reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant
strains of bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions - answerPharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and
pharmaceutic
, Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized
by the_____ - answerLiver
Define: Ethical Product - answerone sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ - answerMetabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ - answerIndication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests - answerA. Practical experience.
Define: extralabel - answerUsing a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ -
answerPharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________ - answerby injections.
The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was
administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____ -
answerMetabolism (biotransformation)
Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ -
answerefficacy
An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? - answerFalse
List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted
drugs. - answer1.Incinerate when possible
2.Send to landfill when incinerated
3.Never flush down drain or toilet
4.Maintain close inventory control
5.Follow state and federal guidelines
6.Educate clients on proper disposal techniques.
Name 4 common Drug Preparations - answerDrugs for oral administration, drugs for
parenteral administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical inhalations.
Boluses are used in the treatment of - answerLarge animals with a balling gun
name two types of parenteral injection forms - answerinjections, implants.
