Penn Foster Anesthesia and Analgesia
Final Exam
Multimodal/balanced Anesthesia - answer It’s now very common to make use of more
than one type of anesthetic or analgesic agent in veterinary patients and it minimizes
deleterious side effects from each agent while allowing them to work together
synergistically to provide sedation and/or pain relief.
Anesthesia uses - answer Used daily in most veterinary practices to provide sedation,
tranquilization, immobility, muscle relaxation, unconsciousness, and pain control for a
diverse range of of indications including surgery, dentistry, grooming, diagnostic
imaging, wound care, and capture and transport of wild animals.
Anesthesia definition - answer(derived from the Greek word anesthesia which means
"without feeling" or "insensibility") defined as "a loss of sensation."
General Anesthesia definition - answera reversible state of unconsciousness,
immobility, muscle relaxation, and loss of sensation throughout the entire body
produced by administration of one or more anesthetic agents.
A patient cannot be aroused even with painful stimulation.
Surgical Anesthesia definition - answeris a specific stage of general anesthesia in which
there is a sufficient degree of analgesia (a loss of sensitivity to pain) and muscle
relaxation to allow surgery to be performed without patient pain or movement.
Sedation definition - answerrefers to drug-induced CNS depression and drowsiness that
vary in intensity from light to deep.
A sedated patient is generally minimally aware or unaware of its surroundings but can
be aroused by noxious stimulation.
Often used to prepare for diagnostic imaging, grooming, wound treatment, and other
minor procedures.
Tranquilation definition - answeris a drug-induced state of calm in which the patient is
reluctant to move and is aware of but unconcerned about its surroundings.
Hypnosis definition - answeris a drug-induced sleep-like state that impairs the ability of
the patient to respond appropriately to stimuli.
A sleep-like state from which the patient can be aroused with sufficient stimulation.
Narcosis definition - answerrefers to a drug-induced sleep from which the patient is
NOT easily aroused and that is most often associated with the administration of
narcotics.
, Local Anesthesia definition - answerrefers to loss of sensation in a small area of the
body produced by administration of a local anesthetic agent in proximity to the area of
interest.
Example: infiltration of local anesthetic into the tissues surrounding a small tumor to
facilitate removal.
Topical Anesthesia definition - answeris the loss of sensation of a localized area
produced by administration of a local anesthetic directly to a body surface or to a
surgical or traumatic wound.
Example: use of ophthalmic local anesthetic drops in the eye before ophthalmic
examination.
Regional Anesthesia definition - answerrefers to a loss of sensation in a limited area of
the body produced by administration of a local anesthetic or other agent in proximity to
sensory nerves.
Can be produced with a variety of techniques including nerve blocks and epidural
anesthesia.
Example: a brachial plexus block can be used to anesthetize the forelimb distal to and
including the elbow.
Balanced Anesthesia definition - answermaximizes benefits, minimizes adverse effects,
and gives the anesthetist the ability to produce anesthesia with the degree of CNS
depression, muscle relaxation, analgesia, and immobilization appropriate for the patient
and the procedure.
It is common practice to administer multiple drugs concurrently in smaller quantities
than would be required if they were given alone.
Although temporary, most anesthetic drugs cause changes in the pulmonary and
cardiovascular function - answerExamples include a decrease in cardiac output,
respiratory rate, tidal volume, and blood pressure. Due to these potential negative side
effects, vital signs and overall anesthetic depth should be carefully monitored.
Minimum Patient Database - answera standard set of information that's gathered on
patients to uncover any factors that might lead to anesthetic complications. This
database includes patient history, signalment, complete physical examination findings,
and results of a preanesthetic diagnostic workup.
Patient History/Signalment - answerThis section of the minimum patient database
includes information about the patient's species, breed, age, sex, and reproductive
status.
Preanesthetic Diagnostic Workup - answerpacked-cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS),
AZO stick (BUN), and blood glucose (BG).
Final Exam
Multimodal/balanced Anesthesia - answer It’s now very common to make use of more
than one type of anesthetic or analgesic agent in veterinary patients and it minimizes
deleterious side effects from each agent while allowing them to work together
synergistically to provide sedation and/or pain relief.
Anesthesia uses - answer Used daily in most veterinary practices to provide sedation,
tranquilization, immobility, muscle relaxation, unconsciousness, and pain control for a
diverse range of of indications including surgery, dentistry, grooming, diagnostic
imaging, wound care, and capture and transport of wild animals.
Anesthesia definition - answer(derived from the Greek word anesthesia which means
"without feeling" or "insensibility") defined as "a loss of sensation."
General Anesthesia definition - answera reversible state of unconsciousness,
immobility, muscle relaxation, and loss of sensation throughout the entire body
produced by administration of one or more anesthetic agents.
A patient cannot be aroused even with painful stimulation.
Surgical Anesthesia definition - answeris a specific stage of general anesthesia in which
there is a sufficient degree of analgesia (a loss of sensitivity to pain) and muscle
relaxation to allow surgery to be performed without patient pain or movement.
Sedation definition - answerrefers to drug-induced CNS depression and drowsiness that
vary in intensity from light to deep.
A sedated patient is generally minimally aware or unaware of its surroundings but can
be aroused by noxious stimulation.
Often used to prepare for diagnostic imaging, grooming, wound treatment, and other
minor procedures.
Tranquilation definition - answeris a drug-induced state of calm in which the patient is
reluctant to move and is aware of but unconcerned about its surroundings.
Hypnosis definition - answeris a drug-induced sleep-like state that impairs the ability of
the patient to respond appropriately to stimuli.
A sleep-like state from which the patient can be aroused with sufficient stimulation.
Narcosis definition - answerrefers to a drug-induced sleep from which the patient is
NOT easily aroused and that is most often associated with the administration of
narcotics.
, Local Anesthesia definition - answerrefers to loss of sensation in a small area of the
body produced by administration of a local anesthetic agent in proximity to the area of
interest.
Example: infiltration of local anesthetic into the tissues surrounding a small tumor to
facilitate removal.
Topical Anesthesia definition - answeris the loss of sensation of a localized area
produced by administration of a local anesthetic directly to a body surface or to a
surgical or traumatic wound.
Example: use of ophthalmic local anesthetic drops in the eye before ophthalmic
examination.
Regional Anesthesia definition - answerrefers to a loss of sensation in a limited area of
the body produced by administration of a local anesthetic or other agent in proximity to
sensory nerves.
Can be produced with a variety of techniques including nerve blocks and epidural
anesthesia.
Example: a brachial plexus block can be used to anesthetize the forelimb distal to and
including the elbow.
Balanced Anesthesia definition - answermaximizes benefits, minimizes adverse effects,
and gives the anesthetist the ability to produce anesthesia with the degree of CNS
depression, muscle relaxation, analgesia, and immobilization appropriate for the patient
and the procedure.
It is common practice to administer multiple drugs concurrently in smaller quantities
than would be required if they were given alone.
Although temporary, most anesthetic drugs cause changes in the pulmonary and
cardiovascular function - answerExamples include a decrease in cardiac output,
respiratory rate, tidal volume, and blood pressure. Due to these potential negative side
effects, vital signs and overall anesthetic depth should be carefully monitored.
Minimum Patient Database - answera standard set of information that's gathered on
patients to uncover any factors that might lead to anesthetic complications. This
database includes patient history, signalment, complete physical examination findings,
and results of a preanesthetic diagnostic workup.
Patient History/Signalment - answerThis section of the minimum patient database
includes information about the patient's species, breed, age, sex, and reproductive
status.
Preanesthetic Diagnostic Workup - answerpacked-cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS),
AZO stick (BUN), and blood glucose (BG).
