HSC 300 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION

HSC 300 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION 1) Environmental factors - answer ecological model. Shaped by fed and state laws and organizational policies, includes how health related resources are allocated, managed and protected. 2) Advocacy - answer attempt to influence public opinion that directly affect ppl's lives. Individuals can act on their own or be apart of a network. Brings an issue up to decision making level 3) Media advocacy - answer amplifies an issue so it is heard. 4) Earned media - answer mass media coverage from a story that is earned through public service methods. No money changes hands but usually an agency develops and places the story for a fee 5) Electronic communication - answer communicate instantly with ppl. Usually through email more likely to be effective at national level than state more likely to be used by staff than officials and used by younger than the older 6) Framing - answer words used to put a message in a desired context. Different frames cause ppl to draw different conclusions 7) Gained framed - answer advantages of taking action 8) Loss framed - answer state the disadvantages of not taking an action 9) Framing bias - answer things framed in a way that are technically accurate but can mislead people to interpret info wrong 10) Informational interview - answer finding out more about the career, industry, product etc 11) Media scanning - answer good ol days done by newspaper clippings 12) Meta-message - answer large context shaping entire message. Often what is not said but what you are trying to say. 13) Policymaker - answer anyone who makes a decision that affects others. 14) Polling survey - answer weekly polling on critical issues 15) Qualitative literacy - answer subset of numeracy that is knowledge and skills required for managing the mathematical demands of diverse situations 16) Numeracy - answer ability to think and express quantitatvley. Encompassmes knowledge and skills required to estimate quantites from food labels etc 17) Health literacy - answer starts with our knowledge base and the ability to understand and add information to it to make health-related decisions includes numeracy 18) Literacy - answer an individual's ability to make sense of information in any form in which it is presented 19) Self efficacy - answer individual's belief that he/she can adopt a new behavior, such as quitting smoking. Made from knowledge and skills on what the outcome will be and value and reinforcement 20) Peripheral cues - answer cultural references 21) Social marketing - answer not a theory, but a systematic approach to developing health interventions. Consumer centered and stress the important of the four p's Product- the behavior, service, product, or policy Price- price of the product (i.e. Time, money, emotional, physical) Place- the distribution channels, or place most appropriate to expose target audience to message or product Promotion- how the message is conveyed 22) Targeting - answer focusing on one small group of ppl within a larger population that has critical features in common 23) Tailoring - answer focusing on one small group within a larger population that has critical features in common 24) Audience segmentation - answer division of large group of ppl into smaller homogenous groupings based on shared characteristics. For communication 25) Partner-based segmentation - answer working through intermediate groups who have the desired target audience in their mind. Commonly used to ksimply logistics and reduce cost 26) Channel segmentation - answer based on personal media preferences and extremly popular 27) Traditional media - answer all communication medium used before the invention of internet to coommunicate auxh aas televison radio, billboards etc 28) Entertainment education - answer purposely designing nad implementing a media message to both entertain and educate. Strategy to bring out behavoral and social change 29) Consumer generated media - answer websites created using web 2.0 technologies such as blogs wikis, social networking wtc. Aka ugc and ucc 30) Viral marketing - answer strategy that facillitates and encourages people to pass along a message through social networks. 31) Why called viral - answer relies on a small group of ppl initially exposed passing it to others 32) Creative brief - answer document that includes information that will be needed by a creative team in order to develop concepts and messages 33) Gatekeeper - answer person who has a reputation or responsibility for upholding standards in a community. Can help support a behavior change goal if in agreeance of prevent its adoption 34) Messages - answer memorable explanatory words or images that ocnvey an idea. 35) Concept - answer ideas communicated symbolically or artistically for discussion sometimes referring to something broad or new 36) Cognitive research - answer number of techniques derived from pyschology that help us understand how we process information. 37) Cognitive interviews - answer qualitative method that asks participants to commment on their own thought proeesses in reference to some stimuli such as a survey. Often used in pretesting phase 38) Pilot test - answer attempt a small-scale trial of all the elements of the strategy in a limited number of locations for a brief period of time 39) Usability - answer research step in the design and launch of a website where users evaluate the ease of the website navigation layout etc 40) Information processing theory - answer mental process where consumers interpret info from the environment to make it meaningful and make es on how the mind receives, stores, and uses info. 41) Elaboration likelihood model - answer suggest that if youre already engaged in an issue you will pay more attention to new information about this issue. If engaged need peripheral stimuli to grab attention 42) Persuasion theory - answer ... 43) Health belief model - answer first developed to explain individual public health behaviors. In this model individual beliefs motivate or discourage health behaviors such as perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, cost of intervention, behavior change, and ability to act 44) Social marketing model - answer ... 45) Social cognitive theory - answer hypothesizes that individual behavior is the result of constant interaction between the external environment and internal psychosocial characteristics sand perceptions self efficacy included in this 46) Stages of change (ttm) - answer individuals move through a specific process when deciding whether to change their behavior and when actually changing their behavior. Stages are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action,and maitenance 47) Theory of planned behavior - answer extension of tra 48) The integrative theory - answer evolved version of tra.. Focuses on antecedents, or predictors, of an individual intention to perform or not to perform a behavior. Most important assumption is that the best predictor of behavior is intention to perform a behavior focuses on behavioral, normative, and control beliefs 49) Diffusion of innovation - answer addresses change in a group. Describes how new ideas, or innovations are spread among people. Spread over a specific period of time 50) Communication for persuasion theory - answer ... 51) 10 factors for communicating with an official - answer famililarity, knowledge of issue, knowledge of opposition, establish relationship, integrity, respect their role, respect their staff, willingness to listen, forthright in your position, focus on the long view and big picture 52) Preparing fact sheets - answer summarize problem, use current data and stats, don't lie, stay simple. Make it local, include contact info, proper formatting 53) Face to face meetings - answer appontment, select spokesperson, specific purpose, be brief, data at fingertips, an illustration, info on elected official, anticipate questions, provide written data 54) Tips on electronic communication - answer single page, no form letter, cover only one topic, state purpose, provide cost, id yourself, ask polcymaker for a response, courtesy copy, thank policymaker, send note of appreciation 55) Internal locus of control - answer the belief that u control ur own destiny 56) Dialectics - answer the ongoing tension between coexisting by contradictory constructs 57) Crisis - answer is an occurence that exceeds a persons normal coping ability 58) Normalcy - answer the sense that things are comfortable, predictable and familiar 59) Oversupport - answer is excessive and unnecessary help - can be broken down into three categories - over-helping - over-informing - overemphasizing 60) Palliative care - answer is specialized medical care for people with serious, terminal illnesses provided for the purpose of relieving symptoms, pain and stress 61) Advanced care directives - answer describe the type of care to be permitted, or withheld, at the wishes of the patient if he/she becomes to ill to communicate 62) Buffering hypothesis - answer holds that social support (knowing that others are there for us), creates a buffer between the stressful experience and feeling overwhelmed or helpless 63) The direct effect model - answer proposes that social support is beneficial, even when we are not encountering a stressor 64) Role of social ties - answer - we learn from others and develop confidence through social interactions - physical health benefits are associated with strong social ties, compared to those with little to no social connection - loved ones often support us in making healthy decisions 65) Action facilitating - answer performing tasks and collecting information 66) Nurturing - answer building self esteem, acknowledging and expressing emotions, providing companionship 67) How can u be a supportive listener - answer - focus on the other person, give them a chance to talk freely - remain neutral, resist the urge to label people or experiences as "good" or "bad" - concentrate on feelings, rather than the event/crisis - legitimize the other person's emotions - summarize what u hear 68) Support group pros - answer - helps people to not feel alone - people going through similar experience can give first hand information on what to expect - convenient and low cost (often free) - online support groups allow u to receive support without emotional commitment to others - online support groups also perceive less risk of judgment 69) Support groups cons - answer - can become counterproductive "gripe" sessions - members may develop and us vs them mentality, in which relationships outside of the group may suffer - possible "oversupport" 70) When social support goes wrong - answer - friends disappear - hurtful gestures or comments - too much support 71) Animals serve great purpose - answer - stress relief - break from boredom - inspiration - health benefits 72) Profile of the family caregiver - answer - average age caregiver is 49 - 2/3rd's are women - 37% of people who care for an older adult also have adult children and grandchildren in the home - many have drained their savings accounts 73) Life at all costs - answer - death is often times tied to failure, or giving up - many fear death because they have not been well equipped to deal with it - death can be very different from person to person - caregivers can be criticized or sued if a pt dies, thus physicians do everything in their power to save a pt's life 74) Death with dignity - answer - withholding/withdrawing life sustaining treatment - palliative treatment that may hasten death - euthanasia - assisted suicide