TEST BANK FOR Advanced Assessment Interpreting Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses Fifth Edition by Laurie Goolsby, Mary Jo; Grubbs ISBN:978-1719645935 COMPLETE GUIDE 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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ap 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

ap 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic ap ap



B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language ap ap ap ap ap ap ap



C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements ap ap ap ap ap ap




Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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ap 3. A. Chief complaint ap



B. History of the present illness ap ap ap ap



C. Current vital signs ap ap



D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must b
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ap 4. eable to: p
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings ap ap ap ap ap



B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions ap ap ap ap ap ap ap ap ap



D. Foresee unpredictable findings ap ap




The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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ap 5. A. Evidence-based investigations ap



B. Primary reports of research ap ap ap



C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience ap ap ap ap ap



D. Published meta-analyses ap




The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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ap 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article ap ap ap ap ap ap



B. Clinical practice guidelines ap ap



C. Evidence-based research ap



D. All of the above ap ap ap




If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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ap 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above ap ap ap

,ap 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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ap 9. A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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ap apapa p 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in selec
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t situations, settings, and/orpatients?
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A. Clinical practice guideline ap ap ap



B. Clinical decision rule Clin ap ap ap



C. ical algorithm Clinical rec
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D. ommendation

, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ap




1. ANS: B a p



Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired
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with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-
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making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D a p



To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal an
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dnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rat
p
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her than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C a p



Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the healthhi
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a



story.

PTS: 1
4. ANS: D a p



While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between
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a



normal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associa
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ted signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditio
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ns, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C a p



Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
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meta-
analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available fo
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r application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, alth
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ough these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to
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base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasonin
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gbe based on scientific evidence. Evidence-
p
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based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decisi
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on-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D a p



To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and cl
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inical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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