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Geneeskunde COPD en astma Hoorcollege

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Collegedictaat van 1 pagina's voor het vak Kennislijn chronisch zieken aan de HR (HBO-Verpleegkunde)

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Uploaded on
September 24, 2020
Number of pages
1
Written in
2018/2019
Type
Class notes
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COPD en astma
- COPD: chronische bronchitis > gezwollen slijmvlies en slijmproductie > hoesten en opgeven
van sputum
- Longemfyseem > verlies elasticiteit > longblaasjes > kortademigheid (bij inspanning)
Beeldmateriaal: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLkihnKRhq0

- Hoe ontstaat chronische bronchitis en longemfyseem?
o Erfelijke bepaalde kwetsbaarheid
o Prikkels (roken, smog)
o Gevolgen:
 Chronische ontsteking
 Beschadiging wand longblaasjes
 Obstructie bronchi en bronchioli
 Afname aantal bloedvaatjes
o Afname gaswisseling!

Behandeling COPD:
 Preventie (stoppen met roken, voorlichting, prikkels vermijden, griepvaccinatie)
 Beta-2-sympathico-mimetica
 Anticholinergica
 Theofylline
 Corticosteroïden
 Eventueel zuurstof
 LWI > AB enz.

- Astma bronchiale: erfelijke overgevoeligheid van de luchtwegen voor bepaalde prikkels
- Astma > bronchospasme > aanvalsgewijs hoesten, dyspnoe en piepen
- Hoe ontstaat astma bronchiale?
o Erfelijke overgevoeligheid luchtwegen
o Specifieke prikkels
o Aspecifieke prikkels (bronchiale hyperreactiviteit)
- Gevolgen:
o Ontsteking: slijmproductie, zwelling
o Prikkeling cholinerge receptoren
 Vernauwing van de luchtwegen

Symptomen: aanvallen piepen, kortademigheid, hoesten en (taai)slijm

Behandeling
 Preventie (voorlichting, stoppen met roken, prikkels vermijden, griepvaccinatie, saneren
huis)
 Beta-2-sympathico-mimetica
 Anticholinergica
 Theofylline
 Corticosteroïden
 Eventueel zuurstof
 LWI > AB enz.
Beeldmateriaal: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPGKzUQOm6Q

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