6/18/25, 9:29 AM
WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NEWEST EXAM 2025 -2026
\ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS \\VERIFIED ANSWERS \LATEST UPDATE
ALREADY GRADED A+
A sign of hypocalcemia. Carpal spasm caused by
inflating a blood pressure cuff above the client's systolic
pressure and leaving it in place for 3
Trousseau's sign
minutes.
Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
Chvostek's sign
water and solute movement occurs from an area of high
Filtration
hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic
pressure
fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of body weight
Intracellular Fluid
- mainly in muscle cells
fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of bodily fluids
- blood vessels
Extracellular Fluid
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
Movement of molecules from an area of higher
Diffusion
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
movement of fluid from an area of lower solute
Osmosis
concentration to a higher concentration
Osmolality the number of osmotically active particles per kg of water
Hypertonic osmolality greater than 300.
osmolality less than 300.
Hypotonic - osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
-fluids pulled from body into cell
Homeostasis process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal
environment
An isotonic solution 0.09% normal saline
/ 1/22
,6/18/25, 9:36 AM
type of cytokine that signals cells to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus,
Interferons (IFNs)
causing other cells to become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
- weight gain
- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
Symptoms of edema - increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal
include: failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia fluid volume deficit
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
Symptoms of - fever
hypovolemia include: - heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
2/22
, 6/18/25, 9:36 AM
Hypervolemia fluid volume overload
swelling of soft tissues because
of excess fluid accumulation
Edema
-Increased hydrostatic (water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
Causes of edema include:
- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
diabetes insipidus (DI) insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
-primary complication of type 1 diabetes
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) -the body produces excess ketones into the blood
-also referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
medications that reduce fluid volume in the body
Diuretics
- increase urine output
Name two diuretics furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide
- weight loss
- water loss
- low BP
- decreased CVP (central venous pressure)
- lethargy to coma
Symptoms of 3 D's include: - weakness
- sunken eyes
- dry skin
- rapid and deep RR
- high lab values
3/22
WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NEWEST EXAM 2025 -2026
\ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS \\VERIFIED ANSWERS \LATEST UPDATE
ALREADY GRADED A+
A sign of hypocalcemia. Carpal spasm caused by
inflating a blood pressure cuff above the client's systolic
pressure and leaving it in place for 3
Trousseau's sign
minutes.
Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
Chvostek's sign
water and solute movement occurs from an area of high
Filtration
hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic
pressure
fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of body weight
Intracellular Fluid
- mainly in muscle cells
fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of bodily fluids
- blood vessels
Extracellular Fluid
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
Movement of molecules from an area of higher
Diffusion
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
movement of fluid from an area of lower solute
Osmosis
concentration to a higher concentration
Osmolality the number of osmotically active particles per kg of water
Hypertonic osmolality greater than 300.
osmolality less than 300.
Hypotonic - osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
-fluids pulled from body into cell
Homeostasis process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal
environment
An isotonic solution 0.09% normal saline
/ 1/22
,6/18/25, 9:36 AM
type of cytokine that signals cells to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus,
Interferons (IFNs)
causing other cells to become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
- weight gain
- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
Symptoms of edema - increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal
include: failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
- low lab values
Hypovolemia fluid volume deficit
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- hot body & sweating
Symptoms of - fever
hypovolemia include: - heat stroke
- thyroid crisis
- urination
2/22
, 6/18/25, 9:36 AM
Hypervolemia fluid volume overload
swelling of soft tissues because
of excess fluid accumulation
Edema
-Increased hydrostatic (water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
Causes of edema include:
- low albumin
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
diabetes insipidus (DI) insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
-primary complication of type 1 diabetes
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) -the body produces excess ketones into the blood
-also referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
medications that reduce fluid volume in the body
Diuretics
- increase urine output
Name two diuretics furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide
- weight loss
- water loss
- low BP
- decreased CVP (central venous pressure)
- lethargy to coma
Symptoms of 3 D's include: - weakness
- sunken eyes
- dry skin
- rapid and deep RR
- high lab values
3/22
