D439 NURS 1011
Foundations of Nursing
Final Assessment Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
, 1. Multiple Choice
Question:
A nurse educator explains that the foundation of nursing practice is
grounded in various theories. Which nursing theorist is best known for
emphasizing that nurses should act as a “substitute family” for patients
by providing comfort and emotional support?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Virginia Henderson
- C. Jean Watson
- D. Hildegard Peplau
Correct ANS:
D. Hildegard Peplau
Rationale:
Hildegard Peplau is known as the “mother of psychiatric nursing” and
emphasized the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship. Her
interpersonal theory strongly positions the nurse as a key agent in
helping patients cope, much like a supportive family member. This
foundational concept is essential for nursing practice and communication
in patient care.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
The systematic, organized method of providing care by assessing,
planning, implementing, and evaluating is known as the __________.
Correct ANS:
nursing process
Rationale:
2
,The nursing process is a core framework for clinical decision making and
care delivery. Mastery of its steps ensures that nurses provide
individualized, evidence-based care while promoting patient safety and
quality outcomes.
---
3. True/False
Question:
True or False: The principles of patient-centered care require that the
nurse always prioritize a patient’s expressed preferences and incorporate
them into the care plan.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Patient-centered care involves respecting and responding to individual
patient preferences, needs, and values. Integrating these elements into
care plans is fundamental to improving satisfaction, adherence, and
outcomes.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question:
Which of the following are recognized phases within the nursing process?
(Select all that apply)
- A. Assessment
- B. Diagnosis
- C. Intervention
- D. Implementation
- E. Evaluation
Correct ANSs:
3
, A, B, D, E
Rationale:
The standard nursing process includes Assessment, Diagnosis,
Implementation, and Evaluation. Although “Intervention” is sometimes
used interchangeably with Implementation, the formal framework does
not list it as a separate phase.
---
5. Multiple Choice
Question:
Evidence-based practice in nursing is defined as the integration of the
best available research with clinical expertise and patient values. Which
of the following steps is considered the first step in the evidence-based
practice process?
- A. Appraising the evidence
- B. Formulating a clinical question
- C. Implementing the intervention
- D. Evaluating outcomes
Correct ANS:
B. Formulating a clinical question
Rationale:
The first step in evidence-based practice is to develop a focused clinical
question. This directs the search for the best available evidence and
guides decision making for patient care, ensuring that practice is both
research-informed and patient-centered.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
A holistic approach to nursing care involves caring for the __________,
4
Foundations of Nursing
Final Assessment Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
, 1. Multiple Choice
Question:
A nurse educator explains that the foundation of nursing practice is
grounded in various theories. Which nursing theorist is best known for
emphasizing that nurses should act as a “substitute family” for patients
by providing comfort and emotional support?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Virginia Henderson
- C. Jean Watson
- D. Hildegard Peplau
Correct ANS:
D. Hildegard Peplau
Rationale:
Hildegard Peplau is known as the “mother of psychiatric nursing” and
emphasized the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship. Her
interpersonal theory strongly positions the nurse as a key agent in
helping patients cope, much like a supportive family member. This
foundational concept is essential for nursing practice and communication
in patient care.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
The systematic, organized method of providing care by assessing,
planning, implementing, and evaluating is known as the __________.
Correct ANS:
nursing process
Rationale:
2
,The nursing process is a core framework for clinical decision making and
care delivery. Mastery of its steps ensures that nurses provide
individualized, evidence-based care while promoting patient safety and
quality outcomes.
---
3. True/False
Question:
True or False: The principles of patient-centered care require that the
nurse always prioritize a patient’s expressed preferences and incorporate
them into the care plan.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Patient-centered care involves respecting and responding to individual
patient preferences, needs, and values. Integrating these elements into
care plans is fundamental to improving satisfaction, adherence, and
outcomes.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question:
Which of the following are recognized phases within the nursing process?
(Select all that apply)
- A. Assessment
- B. Diagnosis
- C. Intervention
- D. Implementation
- E. Evaluation
Correct ANSs:
3
, A, B, D, E
Rationale:
The standard nursing process includes Assessment, Diagnosis,
Implementation, and Evaluation. Although “Intervention” is sometimes
used interchangeably with Implementation, the formal framework does
not list it as a separate phase.
---
5. Multiple Choice
Question:
Evidence-based practice in nursing is defined as the integration of the
best available research with clinical expertise and patient values. Which
of the following steps is considered the first step in the evidence-based
practice process?
- A. Appraising the evidence
- B. Formulating a clinical question
- C. Implementing the intervention
- D. Evaluating outcomes
Correct ANS:
B. Formulating a clinical question
Rationale:
The first step in evidence-based practice is to develop a focused clinical
question. This directs the search for the best available evidence and
guides decision making for patient care, ensuring that practice is both
research-informed and patient-centered.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
A holistic approach to nursing care involves caring for the __________,
4
