US HISTORY 1 CLEP EXAM 2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

US HISTORY 1 CLEP EXAM 2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED 100% CORRECT ANSWERS "A direct result of the dumping of precious metals from the Americas into European markets? (4) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) The Commercial revolution. 2) Widespread Inflation 3) Lower standard of living for most Europeans. 4) Increased Profits for Merchants" "Puritanism - CORRECT ANSWER based on a set of religious, political, and social values." "The first published poet in the North American colonies - CORRECT ANSWER Anne Bradstreet" "William Penn called his colony a "Holy Experiment" because he - CORRECT ANSWER wanted to establish a self-governing colony with political and religious freedom" "The Bodies of Liberty, the first set of laws in the English colonies, was passed by the - CORRECT ANSWER Massachusetts General Court" "Life in the English Colonies (5) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Large Families 2) Women crucial in home but limited opp outside. 3) Open immigration policies. 4) Colonial culture similar to England. 5) Many Colleges (Harvard, Yale)" "The British government did not enforce the Proclamation of 1763 - CORRECT ANSWER to the benefit of the British empire to have the colonists move West." "During the French and Indian War most of the Native Americans were allies to the - CORRECT ANSWER British" "British policy toward its colonies in the 1600s and 1700s was based on the principle of - CORRECT ANSWER Merchantillism" "Idea of Mercantilism - CORRECT ANSWER Colonies exist for the benefit of the home country." "The British government's attitude toward enforcing economic laws related to the colonies prior to the 1760s - CORRECT ANSWER Salutary neglect." "The colonists' argument against Parliament's attempt to tax the colonies. - CORRECT ANSWER Direct representation." "Occurred in Europe in the 1500s as money poured into circulation and goods became scarce in relation to available money. - CORRECT ANSWER The Price Revolution" "The "power of the purse," colonial legislatures' ability to influence the actions of royal officials in the colonies, was eliminated by the - CORRECT ANSWER Townshend Acts" "A Direct Tax on Documents - CORRECT ANSWER Stamp Act" "Required colonists to provide housing for British troops - CORRECT ANSWER Quartering Act" "The laws passed to punish Boston and Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. - CORRECT ANSWER Intolerable Acts" "Passed by Parliament reasserting its authority to make laws for the colonies. - CORRECT ANSWER Declaratory Act" "Examples of the influence of Enlightenment thinking (4) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Benjamin Franklin's scientific experiments 2) John Locke's social contract theory 3) The Declaration of Independence. 4) The use of inoculations against smallpox" "The basic premise of the Enlightenment was - CORRECT ANSWER The natural world was governed by certain rules that were knowable by humans through observation" "The Enlightenment encouraged - CORRECT ANSWER Scientific Experimentation" "The religious belief that people were either saved or damned by God and that their own good works were of no value in determining their salvation - CORRECT ANSWER Predestination" "Who Wrote - "Of more worth is one honest man to society, and in the sight of God than all the crowned ruffians that ever lived." - CORRECT ANSWER Thomas Paine. (Common Sense)" "Purpose of Federalism - CORRECT ANSWER to balance power between the national government and the states." "List the freedoms included in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in order - CORRECT ANSWER Religion - Speech - Press - Assembly" "The authority of Congress to approve presidential nominees to the federal judiciary is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER Checks and balances." "The right of the Supreme Court to judge the constitutionality of Congressional laws and executive acts - CORRECT ANSWER Judicial review" "The right to Judicial Review was established in ______vs _____. - CORRECT ANSWER Marbury vs. Madison." "The process by which the Constitution is changed - CORRECT ANSWER The amendment process." "Specific powers granted to Congress. - CORRECT ANSWER enumerated powers" "Gives the Congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the business of the government. - CORRECT ANSWER Implied Powers" "The reason underlying Alexander Hamilton's proposal that the United States government redeem all bonds at face value and pay all state debts was - CORRECT ANSWER to convince wealthy Americans that the United States was a safe investment" "What was the first test of the unity of the United States under its new Constitution? - CORRECT ANSWER Whiskey Rebellion" "Established the doctrine of "separate but equal." in 1896 - CORRECT ANSWER Plessy v. Ferguson" "Declared slaves property and protected the property rights of slaveowners - CORRECT ANSWER Dred Scott decision" "The Supreme Court broadened the powers of Congress to include implied powers in addition to the enumerated powers in - CORRECT ANSWER McCullock v. Maryland," "Results of the Louisiana Purchase - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Doubled size of U.S 2) Removed french threat 3) permanently opened new orleans for trade. 4) increased tensions over slavery." "Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson, this ended the hope of a Northwest Passage. - CORRECT ANSWER The Lewis and Clark expedition" "The purpose of the Embargo Act of 1807 was to - CORRECT ANSWER preserve the neutrality of the United States" "What group lost significant influence as a result of the War of 1812? - CORRECT ANSWER Federalists" "The War of 1812 was significant because - CORRECT ANSWER the new United States fought Great Britain to a standoff" "Between 1780 and 1830, the population of the United States grew from 2.7 million to 12 million chiefly as a result of - CORRECT ANSWER natural increase" "The Monroe Doctrine was a bold statement by the United States because - CORRECT ANSWER the nation did not have the power to back it up" "Henry Clay's plan to finance a national bank, levy a protective tariff, and use federal funds to finance internal improvements is known as - CORRECT ANSWER American System" "The term given to the administrations of James Monroe. - CORRECT ANSWER Era of Good Feelings" "The name given to the Monroe's warning to European nations to stay out of the Americas. - CORRECT ANSWER Monroe Doctrine" "Banned slavery below the 36th parallel in states made from territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. (AKA. Missouri Compromise) - CORRECT ANSWER Compromise of 1820" "A meeting called in New England to denounce the War of 1812. - CORRECT ANSWER Hartford Convention" "The Missouri Compromise was important because - CORRECT ANSWER it established a boundary line for the expansion of slavery" "The Kansas-Nebraska Act. - CORRECT ANSWER established the principle of popular sovereignty as law." "The Democratic Party of Andrew Jackson attracted - CORRECT ANSWER Southerners, Westerners, and Northern urban workers." "When you think Andrew Jackson you should think - CORRECT ANSWER West and "Common man"" "The election of 1824 resulted in - CORRECT ANSWER the House of Representatives' deciding the election" "The election of 1800 resulted in - CORRECT ANSWER A president from one party and a vice president from another PLUS the 12 Ammendment" "What transformed the economy of the Southern states? - CORRECT ANSWER the invention of the cotton gin" "Jackson's Specie Circular resulted in - CORRECT ANSWER an economic depression" "An order issued by President Andrew Jackson that required that all federal lands be paid for in gold or silver (specie). - CORRECT ANSWER The Specie Circular" "Who said "John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it." - CORRECT ANSWER Andrew Jackson" "Supreme Court decision in Worcester v. State of Georgia stated - CORRECT ANSWER Georgia could not take Cherokee lands." "Associated with the underground railroad (4) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Quakers 2) Sojourner Truth 3) the spiritual "Follow the Drinking Gourd" 4) Canada" "Who was known as "Moses" for helping so many of her fellow African Americans escape. - CORRECT ANSWER Sojourner Truth" "Texas gained its independence as a result of - CORRECT ANSWER the battle of San Jacinto." "Settled the disputed boundary between the United States and Mexico along the southern border of Texas - CORRECT ANSWER The Mexican War" "Members of the Whig Party were most likely to disagree among themselves over the issue of - CORRECT ANSWER extension of slavery into the territories." "The first example of the factory system in the United States was the work of - CORRECT ANSWER Francis Cabot Lowell." "Who established the first successful commercial steamboat service in the United States. - CORRECT ANSWER Robert Fulton" "Who invented the telegraph? - CORRECT ANSWER Samuel F.B. Morse" "Who invented the cotton gin? - CORRECT ANSWER Eli Whitney" "Who was the first well-known woman scientist (astronomer) in the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER Maria Mitchell." "Who was a social reformer who began the settlement house movement to aid immigrants? - CORRECT ANSWER Jane B Addams" "Who was an abolitionist and founder of the feminist movement and one of the co-organizers of the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls in 1848? - CORRECT ANSWER Elizabeth Cady Stanton" "Middle-class Americans at mid-century viewed public education as? - CORRECT ANSWER A stabilizing force in a world of rapid change" "Most fiction and nonfiction writers in the first part of the mid-nineteenth century - CORRECT ANSWER were social critics." "Moby Dick is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER A social critique of American society (good/evil)" "Labor had limited success in organizing in the 1840s and 1850s primarily because of - CORRECT ANSWER the increasing ethnic diversity of the workforce as immigration increased" "Americans who settled in Texas under Mexican rule plotted rebellion when Mexico tried - CORRECT ANSWER to enforce its ban on slavery." "The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 took up the issue of - CORRECT ANSWER Womens Rights" "Folk artists tended to use the theme of? - CORRECT ANSWER Portraits and scenes of family life" "Romantic style artists tended to use the theme of? - CORRECT ANSWER Scenes from nature" ""East by sunrise, West by sunset, North by the Arctic Expedition, and South as far as we darn well please." - CORRECT ANSWER Manifest destiny (1845)" "Those most likely to move into the class of Southern elite were - CORRECT ANSWER middle-class professionals" "What does Carpetbaggers mean? - CORRECT ANSWER a negative term used to describe Northerners who moved South after the Civil War to make their fortunes at the expense of Southerners" "What was the name given to the first Mormon state in what would become Utah Territory (NOT UTOPIAN community) - CORRECT ANSWER Deseret" "Oberlin College is credited with being - CORRECT ANSWER the first coeducational college." "What were anti-immigrant feelings in the 1800s? (4) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) take jobs away 2) weaken the nation 3) they were Roman Catholic rather than protestant 4) might be revolutionaries from Europe fleeing failure" "Describe the growth of cities by the mid- 1800s - CORRECT ANSWER Cities were becoming separated into neighborhoods based on socioeconomic levels." "The Whig Party was replaced by? - CORRECT ANSWER The Republican Party" "Andrew Jackson was a - CORRECT ANSWER Democrat" "The major goal of the Confederacy's foreign policy was to - CORRECT ANSWER gain recognition as an independent nation from foreign governments." "The main goal of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction was to - CORRECT ANSWER restore the Union as quickly as possible" "Four parts of Johnson's Reconstruction plan - CORRECT ANSWER 1)states could hold constitutional conventions without set number of voters or allegiances to u.s. 2) Pardonds for those who took oath 3) ratification of the 13 Amendment 4) Repeal Secession" "After the Civil War, women were told to put aside their demand for voting rights and to work instead for - CORRECT ANSWER voting rights for African American men" "What amendment granted voting rights to African American men? - CORRECT ANSWER the 15th" "Andrew Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 because he believed - CORRECT ANSWER It was unconstitutional and it violated states' rights." "The most important goal for freed slaves was - CORRECT ANSWER to acquire land, a house, and a means of making a living" ""Seward's Folly" refers to - CORRECT ANSWER Purchase of Alaska from Russia" "Redeemers were so-called because they - CORRECT ANSWER were white Southern politicians who restored white supremacy in the South" "Reconstruction ended in 1877 because - CORRECT ANSWER a deal was reached to name Hayes the winner of the presidential election of 1876 in exchange for an end to Reconstruction" "What replaced the plantation system of agriculture in the South? - CORRECT ANSWER ShareCropping" "After the Civil war, white southerners had (5) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Higher taxes 2) more money for education 3) improved transportation 4) more democratic state constitutions 5) more industry" "What did Presidents George Washington, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, and Ulysses S. Grant have in common? - CORRECT ANSWER All were war heroes." ____________, a dissident Puritan minister, founded the settlement of Providence. - CORRECT ANSWER Roger Williams" "What were the main tenets of the Three-Fifths Compromise? - CORRECT ANSWER l) Bach slave would count as three- fifths of a person for purposes of taxation and representation. 2) The federal government was prohibited from stopping the importation of slaves prior to 1808." "Who were the "scalawags"? - CORRECT ANSWER Southerners who supported Reconstruction governments" "What was the Second Great Awakening? - CORRECT ANSWER The Second Great Awakening was a revival that took place in the beginning of the 1800s. Women and blacks were heavily involved in the movement, and it sparked the reforms of the 1830s and 1840s." "Why was the Act of Religious Toleration approved in Maryland? - CORRECT ANSWER The Act of Religious Toleration was intended to protect the Catholic minority by granting freedom of worship to all Christian persuasions." "Which branch has the power to impeach the president or other high government officials? - CORRECT ANSWER The legislative branch or Congress" "Why did the Scots-Irish immigrate to the New World? Where did they settle? - CORRECT ANSWER I) The Scots-Irish left their homelands due to high rent and economic depression. 2) They settled in the Virginia and North Carolina mountain valleys, beyond the Appalachians." "Which section of the country had the fewest number of public schools in the 1830s? - CORRECT ANSWER The South" "What kind of educational opportunities existed for southern women before the Civil War? - CORRECT ANSWER Education for southern women vas rare; what little there was centered on the "domestic arts.'" "What was the position of antislavery northerners re- . garding the legality of slavery in the newly acquired territories? - CORRECT ANSWER Antislavery northerners felt that Congress had the right to prohibit slavery in the territories, based on the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the Missouri , Compromise of 1820." "The ______ __________had emerged from the ruins of the National Republicans and other groups who opposed President Jackson's policies. - CORRECT ANSWER Whig Party" "What was the purpose of the Tuskegee Institute? - CORRECT ANSWER To provide teaching and vocational education for African Americans" "Who wrote the pamphlet "Common Sense"? Why was it so important? - CORRECT ANSWER I) Thomas Paine 2) It was widely sold and had a great deal of influence in urging Americans to achieve independence from Britain." "In 1620, before going ashore, the Pilgrims drew up the _____ ________ which established an orderly government based on the consent of the governed. - CORRECT ANSWER Mayflower Compact" "What was the Wilmot Proviso? What was its effect? - CORRECT ANSWER I) The Wilmot Proviso prohibited slavery in any territory that might be acquired from Mexico. 2) Although it was rejected in the Senate, it aroused emotions in southerners who felt it was unfair and northerners who argued the Mexican War was about extending slavery." "What event inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner"? - CORRECT ANSWER The holding firm of Fort McHenry against British bombardment during the invasion of Chesapeake Bay" "The ______ movement of the nineteenth century emphasized the emotions and feelings over rationality. - CORRECT ANSWER Romanticism" "The first document that devised a framework for the national government ofthe United States was known as the ______ ________. - CORRECT ANSWER Articles of Confederation" "What was the Lancastrian System? - CORRECT ANSWER The Lancastrian System was an educational system in which older students tutored younger ones. The New York Free School experimented with this method for a time." "_______ _________ wrote of Puritan bigotry in The Scarlet Letter. - CORRECT ANSWER Nathaniel Hawthorne" "Who authored "The Raven" and other tales of terror and darkness? - CORRECT ANSWER Edgar Allan Poe" "What did Shays's Rebellion indicate to many Americans? - CORRECT ANSWER Shays's Rebellion alerted Americans that a stronger central government was needed to control violent uprisings." "Who were the 'carpetbaggers"? - CORRECT ANSWER Northerners who came to the South to take part in Reconstruction governments" "What did the Transcendentalists believe? - CORRECT ANSWER Their objective was to transcend the intellect and strive for emotional understanding to attain unity with God." "Who authored Walden and Civil Disobedience, rejected the repression of society, and preached civil disobedience to protest unjust laws? - CORRECT ANSWER Henry David Thoreau" "Which abolitionist started the newspaper The Liberator and gave new life to the abolitionist movement ? - CORRECT ANSWER William Lloyd Garrison" "Who escaped from his owner and established his own newspaper, the North Star? - CORRECT ANSWER Frederick Douglass" "Who wrote Uncle Tom s Cabin? What effect did it have? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Harriet Beecher Stowe 2) It made many northerners active opponents of slavery and created sympathy for the North with the British public." "What was the first representative assembly in the New World? - CORRECT ANSWER The House of Burgesses" "What immigrant group was the target of job discrimination during the first half of the nineteenth century? - CORRECT ANSWER Irish Catholics" "What was the Judiciary Act of 1789? - CORRECT ANSWER The Judiciary Act of 1789 provided for n federal court system and a Supreme Court consisting of six justices, and created jurisdictions for the federal courts." "Why did Thomas Jefferson object to Alexander Hamilton's funding of the national debt at face value? - CORRECT ANSWER Jefferson believed that Hamilton's proposal would benefit speculators who had bought up state and confederation obligations at depressed prices." "What is a broad interpretation of the Constitution'? - CORRECT ANSWER Advocates of a strong central government claimed that the government was given "implied powers" or an powers not expressly denied to it." "Which groups supported the Federalists? - CORRECT ANSWER Business and financial groups in commercial centers or the Northeast and the port cities of the South" "What areas of the country supported Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans? - CORRECT ANSWER The rural areas of the South and West" "What was the Whiskey Rebellion? How did President George Washington respond to it? - CORRECT ANSWER l) A group of Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay the excise tax on whiskey and also terrorized tax collectors. 2) President Washington sent 15,000 federal troops 1 to crush the rebellion and to display the dominance of the federal government." "True or False: Many colleges were founded as a resuIt of the Great Awakening. - CORRECT ANSWER True. These colleges were established primarily for the purpose of training New light ministers." "How did John Adams guarantee continuation of Federalist policies after his presidency? - CORRECT ANSWER By filling positions, many newly created, with party supporters such as John Marshall. Many of these appointments occurred right at the end of his presidency and are thus referred to as "midnight judges:'" "Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and other strong prowar Congressmen became known as _____ ________. - CORRECT ANSWER War Hawks" "What was the Essex Junto of 1804? - CORRECT ANSWER Some New England Federalists saw western expansion as a threat to their position in the linton and moved to organize a secessionist movement." "Why is the Jacksonian era known as the "age of the common man"? - CORRECT ANSWER Since most states had eliminated the property requirement for voting, the electorate was broadened to include almost all white males over twenty-one years of age." "How were the members of the Electoral College elected prior to 1824? - CORRECT ANSWER By state legislatures" "John Quincy Adams's supporters called themselves ____ ______. - CORRECT ANSWER National Republicans" "What was the "Kitchen Cabinet"? - CORRECT ANSWER The Kitchen Cabinet was a group of partisan supporters from whom President Andrew Jackson took counsel instead of relying on the advice of his appointed cabinet officers." "True or False: President , Jackson vetoed granting a federal subsidy to the Maysville Road project in Kentucky because he stated that the road would exist only within the boundaries of a single state. - CORRECT ANSWER True" "What three groups formed the Republican Party? What was their unifying principle? - CORRECT ANSWER I) Northern Democrats, former Whigs, and Know -Nothings 2) All three groups believed slavery should be banned from the territories." "What was the reason for the election of a pro-slavery territorial government in Kansas? How did free-soil Kansans respond? - CORRECT ANSWER l) A pro-slavery government was elected due to large-scale election fraud by "border ruffians" who entered Kansas from Missouri and voted often. 2) Free-soil Kansans denounced it and elected their own free-soil territorial government." "What was the Lecompton Constitution? - CORRECT ANSWER The Lecompton Constitution was a pro-slavery constitution for Kansas that was written by a fraudulent constitutional convention." "What were the Lincoln-Douglas debates in 1858? - CORRECT ANSWER They were a series of seven debates held between Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas, who argued that , popular sovereignty should dictate the slavery issue, and his electoral opponent, Abraham Lincoln, who argued that slavery was a moral wrong." "What was the "Freeport Doctrine"? - CORRECT ANSWER The "Freeport Doctrine" was an argument by Senator Douglas in one of his debates with Abraham Lincoln. He argued that a territory could get around the Dred Scott decision by not passing the special laws that slave jurisdictions usually passed to support slavery." "What was Senator John Crittenden's proposal to preserve the Union? - CORRECT ANSWER He proposed an extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific and prohibition of federal interference with slavery where it already existed. It was defeated due to President Lincoln's stance against the spread of slavery." "What bills did the U.S. government pass during the Civil War to assist western farmers economically? - CORRECT ANSWER I) Homestead Act of 1862: Granted 160 acres to anyone who would farm it for five years 2) Morrill Land Grant Act of l862: Offered large amounts of land to states to set up "agricultural and mechanical" colleges" "What was the Wade-Davis Bill? - CORRECT ANSWER The Wade-Davis Bill stated that a loyal state government could be established if a majority of voters swore they had never been disloyal to the Union. President Lincoln "pocket vetoed" the bill." "What was Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan? - CORRECT ANSWER The Ten Percent Plan said that as soon as 10 percent of the voters of a state had taken a loyalty oath to the Union and agreed to the abolition of slavery, a loyal state government could be formed." "What did the Thirteenth Amendment do? - CORRECT ANSWER The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery." "Why did Congress create the Freedman's Bureau? - CORRECT ANSWER To provide food, clothing, and education, and generally look after the interests of former slaves" "How did Congress respond to the refusal of southern states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment, which would give the vote to blacks? - CORRECT ANSWER Congress passed a Civil Rights Act and extended the powers of the Freedman's Bureau." "What was the Military Reconstruction Act of 1866? - CORRECT ANSWER The Military Reconstruction Act of 1866 divided the South into five military districts to be ruled by military governors." "What was the Tenure of Office Act? - CORRECT ANSWER The Tenure of Office Act established that federal officials whose appointment required Senate approval could not be removed from office without the Senate's consent. Congress passed the law in order to prevent President Andrew Johnson from dismissing any of any of his cabinet members, specifically Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton." "How did Congress respond when President Andrew Johnson fired his secretary of war, Edwin M. Stanton, from his cabinet? - CORRECT ANSWER The House of Representatives impeached Johnson, and the Senate came within one vote of removing him from office." "What four policies did the Fourteenth Amendment establish? - CORRECT ANSWER I) The Fourteenth Amendment forbade states to deny various rights to citizens. 2) It forbade the paying of the Confederate debt. 3) It denied Congressional representation to states that did not give blacks the right to vote. 4) It made former Confederates ineligible to hold public office." "What did the Fifteenth Amendment say? - CORRECT ANSWER The Fifteenth Amendment gave blacks the right to vote." "What scandals erupted during President Grant's administration? Why was it so corrupt'? - CORRECT ANSWER L) The Gould-Fisk gold scandal; Credit Mobilier scandal; Whiskey Ring; Belknap accepting bribes 2) Although Grant was an honest man, he was loyal and trusted dishonest people." "What was the tactic known as "waving the bloody shirt"? - CORRECT ANSWER It was a tactic in which Republicans urged northerners to vote the way they had shot during the Civil War. It suggested that a Democratic victory would be the same as a Confederate victory." "What was the Compromise of 1877? - CORRECT ANSWER The Compromise of 1877 was an agreement under which Rutherford B. Hayes promised to show consideration for southern interests, end Reconstruction,and withdraw the remaining federal troops from the South in exchange for the Democrats going along with his election to the presidency." "Why did Reconstruction end? - CORRECT ANSWER The North lost interest as a result of government corruption, a depression, general weariness about the difficulty of remaking southern society, and the death of Radical Reconstruction leaders." "What lucrative trade was opened by the French and 1 the Indians? - CORRECT ANSWER The fur trade" "What was the economic base of the northern colonies? - CORRECT ANSWER I) New England: Shipping, shipbuilding, fishing, small farming 2) Middle Colonies: Farming (aka the "bread basket"), shipping" "What was the economic base of the southern colonies? - CORRECT ANSWER l) Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, Virginia): Tobacco 2) North Carolina: Tobacco 3) South Carolina: Rice and indigo" "Which American colonies prospered from England's mercantilistic policy? - CORRECT ANSWER New England-it encouraged large-scale shipbuilding." "What three economic proposals did Alexander Hamilton endorse in The Report on Public Credit to handIe the economic crisis faced by the government of the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER l) Funding of the national debt at face value 2) Federal assumption of the states' debt 3) The establishment of a national bank" "Why was a protective tariff passed in 1816? - CORRECT ANSWER To slow the flood of cheap British manufactures in the United States" "What two factors contributed to a postwar boom following the War of 1812? - CORRECT ANSWER High foreign demand for American cotton, tobacco, and grain, and the Second National Bank's overly liberal credit policies" "What major factors led to the Depression of 1819? - CORRECT ANSWER A major influx of British goods at cut-rate prices hurt American manufacturers." "What were the main industries in the Northeast? - CORRECT ANSWER Fishing, deep-sea whaling, lumbering, and shipbuilding" "In 1830, which city was America's largest city and primary trade center? - CORRECT ANSWER New York City" "In what industry did the factory system in the United States start? - CORRECT ANSWER The textile industry" "What was the Lowell System? - CORRECT ANSWER The Lowell System (first developed in Lowell, Massachusetts) was a popular way to staff New England Factories. Young farm women were recruited to work in the factories in mill towns and were provided dormitory housing as part of their employment. They worked for short periods of time before getting married." "Why was the new tariff bill of 1828 known as the "Tariff of Abominations" by Southern planters? - CORRECT ANSWER The finished bill included higher import duties for many goods that were bought by Southern planters." "During the Jacksonian era, why did northeasterners oppose the government's disposal of lands at cheap prIces? - CORRECT ANSWER The policy would lure away their labor supply and drive up wages. I" "Why did President Andrew Jackson issue the Specie Circular? - CORRECT ANSWER He wanted to slow down the inflationary spiral, and this required that public and be paid for in hard money, not paper money or credit." "What did President Jackson do to destroy the Bank of the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER Jackson removed federal deposits from the Bank of the United States and redistributed the money into his "pet banks" (various state and local banks)." "What professional occupation was dominated by women in the 1830s and 1840s? - CORRECT ANSWER School teaching" "By 1850, over one-half of the manufacturing plants established were located in the ________ states. - CORRECT ANSWER northeastern" "What product replaced water as a major source of industrial power? - CORRECT ANSWER Coal" "Which new industry was the largest consumer of iron in the nineteenth century? - CORRECT ANSWER The railroad industry" "Why did the influx of immigrants weaken the bargaining position of the early labor union? - CORRECT ANSWER Immigrants were willing to work for low wages and provided an available labor supply." "[n the second quarter of the nineteenth century, the South had an ____________economy. - CORRECT ANSWER agrarian" "Prior to the Civil War, what was the occupation of most southern whites? - CORRECT ANSWER They were yeoman farmers who mostly grew corn." "Why were southerners so wedded to the plantation system? - CORRECT ANSWER Cotton was profitable, and planters had most of their money invested in land and slaves. Planters did not have the capital to invest in manufacturing or commerce." "What were the three basic causes of the Panic of 1857? - CORRECT ANSWER I) Overspeculation in railroads and land 2) Faulty banking practices 3) An interruption in the flow of European capital into the United States because of the Crimean War" "How did the North and South interpret the Panic of 1857? - CORRECT ANSWER The North blamed it on low tariffs. However, the South believed it showed the strength of "King Cotton" and the superiority of the southern slave systern. It gave the South the sense that they did not leed the North." "What new tax did the North impose in order to help finance the Civil War? - CORRECT ANSWER The income tax" "What are "greenbacks"? Why do creditors/businessmen dislike them, and why do debtors favor them? - CORRECT ANSWER I) A currency not backed by specie first issued in 1862. 2) Creditors/businessmen dislike them and debtors favor them because "greenbacks" cause inflation, which decreases the value of the money. So, debtors can payoff debt in money that is less valuable than the gold they borrowed." "The new continent discovered by Christopher Columbus was named after ________ _______. - CORRECT ANSWER Amerigo Vespucci ." "What river in the southeastern part of the United States was discovered by Hernando de Soto? - CORRECT ANSWER The Mississippi River" "Who was Sir Francis Drake? - CORRECT ANSWER Sir Francis Drake was a successful English captain who sailed around South America, raided Spanish settlements on the Pacific Coast of Central America, and claimed California for England." "For which country did explorer Remy Hudson set out to find the Northwest Passage? - CORRECT ANSWER Holland" "Which river served as the French gateway to the interior of North America? - CORRECT ANSWER The St. Lawrence River" "Who led the expedition to explore the western territory to the Pacific in 1804? - CORRECT ANSWER Meriwether Lewis and William Clark" "Who invented the cotton gin? What was its effect on the South? - CORRECT ANSWER I) Eli Whitney created the cotton gin, which created a faster and more efficient means to separate the cotton fibers from the seeds. 2) This machine made the use of slave labor to farm cotton more efficient and thus more profitable." "Which inventor built the steamboats the Clermont in 1807 and the New Orleans in 1811? - CORRECT ANSWER Robert Fulton" "In 1818 the_ ______ ________ om Wheeling, Virginia, to Cumberland, Maryland, linking the Potomac with the Ohio River, was completed. - CORRECT ANSWER National Road" "What major waterway system linked the Hudson River at Albany, New York, with Lake Erie? - CORRECT ANSWER The Erie Canal" "What three epidemics were prevalent in urban areas of the 1830s and 1840s? - CORRECT ANSWER l) Typhoid fever 2) Typhus 3) Cholera" "Who discovered a process for vulcanizing rubber? - CORRECT ANSWER Charles Goodyear" "Who invented the sewing machine? - CORRECT ANSWER Elias Howe" "What invention by Samuel Morse was first used in 1840 to transmit business news and information? - CORRECT ANSWER The electric telegraph" "How did Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper benefit the wheat farmers? - CORRECT ANSWER The mechanical reaper enabled a crew of six men to larvest as much wheat in one day as fifteen men using older methods." "Prior to the advent of the railroad, which commercial transportation system dominated domestic trade? - CORRECT ANSWER Coastal sailing ships" "What were the revenue-producing crops produced by the southern plantation system-cotton, tobacco, and so on-collectively known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Cash crops" "What did the phrase "manifest destiny" mean? - CORRECT ANSWER Manifest destiny was a bel i ef that it was the destiny of the United States to expand its territory over the whole North American continent." "What was the starting point of the Oregon Trail'? - CORRECT ANSWER Independence, Missouri" "What was "Oregon Fever" of the 1840s? - CORRECT ANSWER Thousands of settlers trekked across the Great Plains md the Rocky Mountains to settle in what they considered to be a new Shangri-la." "Why did Great Britain want the Puget Sound area north of the Columbia River in the Oregon Territory? - CORRECT ANSWER Because Puget Sound is one of only three natural harbors on the Pacific Coast" "What were the terms of the Gadsden Purchase? What was its purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER l) The United States bought from Mexico a strip of land along the Gila River in what is now southern New Mexico and Arizona. 2) Its purpose was to provide a good route for a transcontinental railroad across the southern part of the United States." "What territory did President Franklin Pierce try to purchase in the Ostend Manifesto? - CORRECT ANSWER He tried to purchase Cuba from Spain." "What were three effects of the rise of the railroads in the 1840s and 1850s? - CORRECT ANSWER I) Big-business techniques spread. 2) A nationwide market developed. 3) The Midwest became linked to the North rather than to the South." "What were the main products of midwestern family farms in the 1850s? - CORRECT ANSWER Grain and livestock" "Why was John C. Fremont known as "the Pathfinder"? - CORRECT ANSWER Because of his explorations in the Rockies and the Far West" "What major technological innovation in naval warfare took place during the Civil War? - CORRECT ANSWER The development of the ironclad ship" "Who was Alexander Graham Bell? - CORRECT ANSWER The inventor of the telephone" "Nhy did Spain and Portugal decide to draw up the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1493? - CORRECT ANSWER Spain wanted to confirm its ownership of New World lands but feared interference from Portugal, a powerful seafaring nation that had been active in overseas exploration." "Who were the conquistadors? - CORRECT ANSWER Independent Spanish adventurers who led their country's army into the New World, seeking wealth, glory, and to spread the Roman Catholic faith" "Which conquistador conquered the Aztec Empire'? - CORRECT ANSWER Hernando Cortes" "What was the Protestant Reformation? - CORRECT ANSWER A religious movement begun by Martin Luther, who taught that an individual's salvation was determined by faith alone, rather than the church's elaborate sacraments" "______ _______was a religious thinker who taught the doctrine of predestination. - CORRECT ANSWER John Calvin" "Who were the Huguenots? - CORRECT ANSWER French Protestants" "List two important consequences that followed England's defeat of the Spanish Armada. - CORRECT ANSWER I) Defeating the Spanish Armada established England as a great power. 2) It prompted England to engage in overseas exploration." "In which modern-day Canadian city did Samuel de Champlain set up a trading post? - CORRECT ANSWER Quebec" "Why did the French manage to stay on relatively good terms with the Indians? - CORRECT ANSWER Relatively few Frenchmen came to America. Therefore, they were not infringing on Indian territories." "What was the patroon system? - CORRECT ANSWER To keep the colony of New Netherlands supplied with food, the Dutch devised the patroon system that would award large landed estates to men who transported at least fifty families to the colony. These . transported families would work as tenant farmers on the estate of the person who transported them." "Which country was England's chief maritime rival during the seventeenth century? - CORRECT ANSWER Holland" "In general, why did American colonists dislike the Navigation Acts? - CORRECT ANSWER The Navigation Acts increased the prices that Americans had to pay for British goods and lowered the prices that Americans received for the goods they produced." "How did the Glorious Revolution of 1658 affect the English monarchy? - CORRECT ANSWER The Glorious Revolution of 1658 replaced Catholic James with his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange as England's monarchs." "What territory did Britain gain in the Treaty of Paris (1763)? - CORRECT ANSWER All of Canada and all of the United States east of the Mississippi" "What was the Proclamation of 1763? Why was it issued? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) The Proclamation of 1763 forbade whites to settle west of the Appalachians. 2) It was issued to improve Anglo-Indian relations, prevent further Indian uprisings, and keep settlers closer to the coast, where they would be more easily controlled." "True or False: Violators of the Sugar Act faced trial in admiralty courts without benefit of jury or the normal due processes of law. - CORRECT ANSWER True" "The _____ ___ required colonists to pay for I the maintenance of British troops stationed in their area. - CORRECT ANSWER Quartering Act" "Which British act imposed a tax on every piece of printed paper, from newspapers to legal documents, in the colonies? - CORRECT ANSWER The Stamp Act of 1765" "How did the colonists initially deal with the series of British acts that were passed in the 1760s? - CORRECT ANSWER The colonists used petitions and pamphlets to protest these acts." "What was the Stamp Act Congress? - CORRECT ANSWER The Stamp Act Congress consisted of delegates from nine colonies that met in 1765 and passed moderate resolutions against the Stamp Act, asserting that Americans could not be taxed without representation." "How did colonial merchants achieve the repeal of the Stamp Act? - CORRECT ANSWER They boycotted British goods." "What did the Declaratory Act of 1768 state'? - CORRECT ANSWER The Declaratory Act of 1768 claimed the power to tax or make laws for Americans in all cases." "Why was the Boston Massacre labeled as such by Samuel Adams when only five people were killed and it was partially incited by the colonists? - CORRECT ANSWER Adams wanted to incite the colonists to rise up against the British." "What was the Gaspee Affair? - CORRECT ANSWER A group of Rhode Islanders dressed up as Indians and burned the Gaspee, a British schooner." "Why did the British East India Company seek a concession from Parliament that allowed it to ship tea directly to the colonies? - CORRECT ANSWER The British East India Company was in desperate financial straits and hoped to lower the price on its tea so that it would be cheaper than the smuggled Dutch tea." "Why did the Americans resist buying British tea'? - CORRECT ANSWER Americans did not want the British to think that they had accepted Parliament's right to tax them." "How did Bostonians react to Governor Thomas Hutchinson's plan to attempt to collect the tea tax? What was the British reaction to the colonists? - CORRECT ANSWER l) In the incident later called the Boston Tea Party, Boston colonists disguised themselves as indians, boarded tea-bearing ships docked in Boston Harbor, and threw the tea overboard. 2) In response, the British passed the Boston Port Act, which closed Boston Harbor to all trade until Boston had paid for all the tea. In addition, any royal officials accused of crimes in Massachusetts would be tried elsewhere." "What were the Coercive Acts? - CORRECT ANSWER The Coercive Acts were Britain's response to the dumping of tea by colonists in Boston Harbor." "What were the Intolerable Acts? - CORRECT ANSWER Americans lumped the Quebec Act with the Coercive Acts and referred to them as the Intolerable Acts." "What were the Suffolk Resolves? - CORRECT ANSWER The Suffolk Resolves denounced the Intolerable Acts and called for strict non importation and rigorous preparation of local militia companies in case the British should resort to military force." "How did the British authorities react to the Americans' Continental Congress? - CORRECT ANSWER The British authorities paid little attention to the Americans' grievances and sent more troops to Massachusetts, which they determined to be in a state of rebellion." "What happened at Lexington and Concord? - CORRECT ANSWER The British marched to Concord to destroy a stockpile of colonial weapons. News of their march was spread by riders like Paul Revere and William Dawes. Minutemen-a select group of armed militia-were waiting for the British at Lexington. A shot was fired and eight Minutemen were killed. By the time the British arrived at Concord, all supplies had been moved." "How did King George III respond to the colonies' petition to intercede with Parliament? - CORRECT ANSWER George III declared that the colonies were in rebellion and that preparations were being made for a full-scale war against America." "Why did the French help the Americans in its struggle against Britain? - CORRECT ANSWER The French hated Britain and saw the war as a way to weaken Britain by depriving it of its colonies." "Why was the American victory at Saratoga, New York, so important'? - CORRECT ANSWER The American victory at Saratoga convinced the French to join openly in the war against England." "In addition to France, name two other countries that joined America in its war against Britain. - CORRECT ANSWER Holland and Spain" "Which famous American leader went over to the British side in 1780? - CORRECT ANSWER Benedict Arnold" "Who was John Paul Jones? - CORRECT ANSWER John Paul Jones was the most famous of the American naval leaders who captured British ships and carried out audacious raids along the coast of Britain." "What were the provisions of the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolution? - CORRECT ANSWER America's western boundary became the Mississippi River, and Great Britain agreed to remove all of its western outposts." "What territory was returned to Spain in the Treaty of Paris? - CORRECT ANSWER Florida" "Why did Congress resort to printing large quantities of paper money under the Articles of Confederation? - CORRECT ANSWER Congress needed money to finance the war but was unable to tax its citizens." "How did the United States manage to finance the American Revolution without suffering complete economic collapse? - CORRECT ANSWER France and the Netherlands lent the United States money in the form of grants and loans." "What was Shays's Rebellion? - CORRECT ANSWER Daniel Shays led a group of Massachusetts farmers to shut down the Massachusetts courts so that the judges would not be able to seize property or condemn people to debtors' prisons for not paying taxes." "What excuse did the British use for not evacuating the northwest outposts after the American Revolution? - CORRECT ANSWER The British refused to leave because the states would not comply with the Treaty of Paris's provision regarding debts and loyalist property." "What was the Pinckney Treaty of 1795? - CORRECT ANSWER The Pinckney Treaty was a treaty between Spain and the United States whereby Spain opened up the MIssissippi River to American trade and recognized the 31 st parallel as being the northern boundary of Florida." "How did Americans' outrage during the XYZ Affair affect American-French trade relations? - CORRECT ANSWER After the XYZ Affair, President John Adams suspended trade relations with the French and authorized American ship captains to attack armed French vessels." "During the Napoleonic Wars, American ships were seized by the French and the English, and American sailors were ________ into the British Navy. - CORRECT ANSWER impressed" "What was the Embargo Act of 1807? How did it affect America? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) The Embargo Act of 1807 prohibited American ships from leaving port for any foreign destination. 2) It resulted in economic depression, especially for the heavily commercial Northeast." "What was the Non-Intercourse Act? What replaced it when it expired? - CORRECT ANSWER I) The Non-Intercourse Act was a modified embargo act that opened trade to all nations except France and Great Britain. 2) When it expired in 1810, it was replaced with Macon's Bill No.2, which gave the president the power to prohibit trade with any nation that violated U. S. neutrality." "Which Shawnee Indian chief united the Mississippi Valley tribes to reestablish dominance in the old Northwest? - CORRECT ANSWER Tecumseh" "True or False: According to the terms of the Treaty of Ghent, the United States was awarded all wartime conquests. - CORRECT ANSWER False. Both Britain and the United States returned their wartime conquests to each other, thus re estabishing the status quo that was in effect prior to the war" "According to the ______ _______ of 1819, Spain agreed to sell the remainder of Florida to the United States. - CORRECT ANSWER Adams-Otis Treaty" "What message was conveyed to European powers in the Monroe Doctrine? - CORRECT ANSWER The Western Hemisphere was closed to future colonization by European powers." "What was President Andrew Jackson's policy regarding Indian tribes? - CORRECT ANSWER He supported the removal of all Indian tribes west of the Mississippi." "What was the Trail of Tears? - CORRECT ANSWER The Trail of Tears was the forced march of thousands of Cherokees under army escort from Georgia to the Nest. Twenty-five percent or more of the Cherokees perished on this march." "What agreement settled the Canadian-Maine dispute'? - CORRECT ANSWER "The Webster-Ashburton Agreement of 1842, which established a border line that is still in existence today" "What was the meaning of James K. Polk's presidential campaign slogan, "Fifty-four forty or fight"? - CORRECT ANSWER The slogan meant that Polk favored American annexation of the Oregon country (up to the 54' 40' north latitude line), which previously had been jointly occupied by the United States and Great Britain." "Why was President James K. Polk reluctant to fight Great Britain over Oregon? - CORRECT ANSWER Polk was more interested in Texas, where trouble was brewing. Also, he considered Oregon unsuitable for agriculture and unavailable for slavery." "How did the Oregon Treaty of 1846 settle the dispute between the United States and Great Britain? - CORRECT ANSWER The Oregon Treaty split the disputed Oregon Territory by extending the existing U.S.-Canada boundary of the 49th parallel westward to the Pacific." "-What was the Bear Flag Revolt? - CORRECT ANSWER A revolt against the Mexican government by American settlers in California" "What territorial dispute between Mexico and the United States helped bring about the Mexican War? - CORRECT ANSWER The United States claimed the Rio Grande as the southern boundary of Texas, while Mexico claimed , the Nueces River, 130 miles farther north, as the boundary." "Why did some people support the Mexican War while others opposed it? - CORRECT ANSWER Some people supported the war because they felt Mexico had provoked it, and it gave the United States an opportunity to spread freedom to oppressed people. Others opposed the war because they felt the United States provoked the war, or it was a war to spread slavery." "What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? - CORRECT ANSWER Mexico ceded southern Texas, California, and other territories in the far West to the United States in exchange for $15 million and the assumption of claims by American citizens against the Mexican government." "What was the political effect of the Mexican War within the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER The Mexican War brought to the surface the issue of , slavery in the new territories." "Why did Commodore Matthew Perry lead a U.S. naval force into Tokyo Bay in 1853? - CORRECT ANSWER To open Japan, which previously had been closed to the outside world, to American diplomacy and trade." "Which southern state was the first to secede from the Union? - CORRECT ANSWER South Carolina" "Who was the first and only president of the Confederate States? - CORRECT ANSWER Jefferson Davis" "What did President Abraham Lincoln say about secession in his inaugural address in 1861? - CORRECT ANSWER Lincoln urged southerners to reconsider and said that states had no right to secede. He announced that :he federal government would continue to hold forts and military installations in the South." "How did President Lincoln respond to the Confederate firing on Fort Sumter'? - CORRECT ANSWER Lincoln declared the existence of an insurrection and called for 75,000 volunteers to put it down." "How did President Lincoln prevent Maryland from seceding? - CORRECT ANSWER Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus and declared martial law." “In general, Native American groups prior to contact with Europeans: - CORRECT ANSWER had adapted to a variety of geographic and climate conditions." "Jay's Treatyended the continuing British presence in the Ohio Valley - CORRECT ANSWER ended the continuing British presence in the Ohio Valley Jay's Treaty" "Factors in the success of the Spanish in conquering Native American peoples? (4) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) exploitation of rivalries among native peoples. 2) firearms and horses 3) focus of other European nations on their own internal political and religious issues 4) Native Americans' lack of immunity to European diseases" "Reasons the English were interested in colonization (4) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) New Markets 2) NW passage to Asia for supply ships 3) Base to attack spanish ships traveling to spain. 4). Religious Rivalry - England wanted protestant empire in americas" "Fight between colonists and Native Americans? - CORRECT ANSWER King Philip's War" "Rebellion of frontiersmen against the governor and House of Burgesses in the Virginia colony. - CORRECT ANSWER Bacon's Rebellion" "Rebellion on the frontier in the early days of the new United States - CORRECT ANSWER Shays's Rebellion" "Uprising of slaves in South Carolina and Georgia in 1739 - CORRECT ANSWER Stono Uprising" "Fought in Florida between Seminole and the U.S. Army - CORRECT ANSWER First Seminole War" "A major difference in government structure between royal colonies and charter colonies was - CORRECT ANSWER the colonists elected their own governor in charter colonies, whereas the monarch appointed the governor in a royal colony" "The development of enslaved Africans as the chief labor supply after Bacon's Rebellion occurred because of - CORRECT ANSWER the growing number of white landless and discontented former servants" "The first colony in the 1600s to require that each town establish a public primary school was - CORRECT ANSWER Massachusetts" "While the English were the largest group of people to immigrate to the colonies, the second largest group were - CORRECT ANSWER Scots Irish" "The first group of non-English speakers to immigrate in large numbers - CORRECT ANSWER Germans" "The Irish and Welsh came in large numbers in the 1840s as a result of - CORRECT ANSWER The Potato Famine" "A significant characteristic of the social class structure in the English colonies was - CORRECT ANSWER the size and wealth of the middle class" "For Puritans, Children were considered - CORRECT ANSWER Young adults, they dressed and treated them as such. (Sensibly)" ""The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time, and some of us had been permitted to stay on deck for the fresh air . . . " - CORRECT ANSWER a slave ship bound for the Americas." "The religious group that had the greatest influence in New England after the initial phase of settlement was - CORRECT ANSWER Congregational Church" "Had the most influence among the planters of the Southern colonies - CORRECT ANSWER The Anglican Church" "Had its greatest influence in the 1700s as a result of the Great Awakening religious revival in the colonies. - CORRECT ANSWER Methodism" "Over time, married women in the colonies able to exercise the right to - CORRECT ANSWER Conduct Business" "The Great Awakening spurred (4) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Religious pluralism 2) Nonsectarian Colleges 3) Separation of church and State 4) Active participation in church affairs by ordinary people." "A major difference between slavery in Virginia and in the Carolinas and Georgia was that - CORRECT ANSWER most slaves in Virginia had been born in the colony rather than imported" "A major advantage for the British in North America during the French and Indian War - CORRECT ANSWER The British colonies were populated with families willing to fight for their homes." "Most of the French immigrants were men who made their living as - CORRECT ANSWER Fur Trappers and Traders" "Marquis de Lafayette - CORRECT ANSWER French Noblemen/ soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution ()" "William Pitt - CORRECT ANSWER British Prime Minister during the French and Indian War who defended the American colonists" "Edmund Burke - CORRECT ANSWER Irish member of Parliament who supported the Americans." "The battle of Saratoga in 1777 was important because it - CORRECT ANSWER brought France into a formal alliance with the United States" "The Peace of Paris called for (4) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Loyalists to be paid for their confiscated property 2) The British to withdraw from all U.S. territory 3) the Mississippi to serve as the western boundary of the U.S 4) The U.S to have fishing rights in north waters off Canada" "Florida was given to Spain by Great Britain and did not become part of the United States until - CORRECT ANSWER 1819" "The major difficulty of government under the Articles of Confederation was - CORRECT ANSWER Lack of a Chief executive" "The only major achievement of the Confederation government. - CORRECT ANSWER Establishing a way to admit new states" "Provided the plan for all subsequent admission of territories to statehood in the United States - CORRECT ANSWER Northwest Ordinance" "The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing certain rights of individuals. - CORRECT ANSWER Bill of Rights" "Passed in 1862, this act set up a system to give land to families in the West who were willing to work it - CORRECT ANSWER Homestead Act" "Passed in 1854 and set up a way for residents of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether they wanted their state to be free or slave. - CORRECT ANSWER Kansas-Nebraska Act" "The acquisition of land from Mexico in 1853 that makes up the current border between Mexico and the United States in southern Arizona and New Mexico. - CORRECT ANSWER Gadsden Purchase" "The Great Compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention resulted in - CORRECT ANSWER the establishment of a legislature of two houses, a House of Representatives based on population and a Senate with equal representation among the states" "The counting of slaves as three-fifths of a person was known as - CORRECT ANSWER The "three-fifths compromise."" "What was the result of a compromise engineered by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison to ensure that the new United States pay all federal and state debts resulting from the Revolutionary War - CORRECT ANSWER the establishment of the new nation's capital in an area between Virginia and Maryland." "The major shortcoming of the new Constitution according to Anti-Federalists was - CORRECT ANSWER lack of protection for individuals" "A planned uprising of enslaved African Americans in South Carolina to take control of Charleston, which was stopped before it began. - CORRECT ANSWER Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy" "An episode that almost led to war between the United States and France in 1797 - CORRECT ANSWER XYZ Affair" "A party in Congress that wanted the United States to declare war on Great Britain in the early 1800s. - CORRECT ANSWER War Hawks" "A mathematician and astronomer who helped to lay ou