US HISTORY 1 CLEP EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

US HISTORY 1 CLEP EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS “The Line of Demarcation - CORRECT ANSWER The line by the Pope to dived the world in half. Giving one half to Spain and the other the Portugal. The Spanish convinced to Pope to do this because both countries wanted to colonize but Portugal was the super power of the sea." "Anne Bradstreet - CORRECT ANSWER The first published american poet" "Phillis Wheatley - CORRECT ANSWER The first African American poet to be published." "Virginia House of Burgesses - CORRECT ANSWER The first lawmaking body in the English colonies" "Massachusetts General Court - CORRECT ANSWER Passed the first set of laws in the English colonies." "King Philip's War - CORRECT ANSWER A conflict between New England colonists and Native American Groups allied under leadership Wampanoag cheif Metacom, known to the colonists as King Philip." "Royal Colonies - CORRECT ANSWER Colonies that were under the direct control of the English crown" "Proprietary Colonies - CORRECT ANSWER Colonies owned by persons who had been given a royal charter to own the land" "Charter Colonies - CORRECT ANSWER Colonies based on a grant of land by the British Crown to a company or a group of settlers" "Mercantilism - CORRECT ANSWER The theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys" "Salutary Neglect - CORRECT ANSWER An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies" "The Stamp Act - CORRECT ANSWER A tax, passed in March 22,1765; on documents and printed items such as wills, newspapers, and cards." "Declaratory Act - CORRECT ANSWER Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases." "The Intolerable Acts - CORRECT ANSWER A series of laws passed 1774 by British Parliament to punish the people of Boston following the Boston Tea Party" "The Quartering Act - CORRECT ANSWER March 24, 1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies." "The Townshend Acts - CORRECT ANSWER Laws passed in 1767 that taxed imported goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea" "The Homestead Act - CORRECT ANSWER Passed in 1862 - The law offered 160 acres of land free for anyone who agreed to live on and improve the land for 5 years- only $10 fee" "The Kansas-Nebraska Act - CORRECT ANSWER It would create 2 new territories to allow the government to build a railroad. It split Nebraska into the territories of Nebraska and Kansas and allowed for popular sovereignty there, thus nullifying the Missouri Compromise." "Benjamin Rush - CORRECT ANSWER Patriot and doctor; signer of the Declaration of Independence and strong supporter of the Constitution. He was the first to diagnose insanity as an illness and wrote curriculum for course in psychiatry." "Tenure of Office Act - CORRECT ANSWER Required the president to secure consent of the Senate before removing appointees once they had been approved" "Copperheads - CORRECT ANSWER This was a group Northern Democrats who wanted Lincoln to negotiate peace with the South. They were so named because they identified themselves by showing the head of the copper penny." "Horace Mann - CORRECT ANSWER Campaigned for public schools" "Sojourner Truth - CORRECT ANSWER A former slave and a abolitionist speaker" "Walt Whitmen - CORRECT ANSWER Considered the quintessential American "common man"" "James Fenimore Cooper - CORRECT ANSWER The first American novelist to use American themes" "Romanticism - CORRECT ANSWER A movement in literature and art during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated nature rather than civilization" "Transcendentalism - CORRECT ANSWER The Belief that every person possesses an inner light that can illuminate truth and connect on to God" "Maria Mitchell - CORRECT ANSWER An astronomer who discovered a comet and was the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences" "Embargo Act of 1807 - CORRECT ANSWER This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade." "Roger Williams - CORRECT ANSWER Started Rhode Island" "The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - CORRECT ANSWER The first written constitution in America. It provided for a Representative Government." "The Act of Religious Toleration - CORRECT ANSWER Made to protect the Catholic minority in Maryland for which the colony was established." "King William's War - CORRECT ANSWER The first of the four wars fought between France, Spain, England and France's indian allies for control of North America. No major battles fought or major land change but brought terrifying indian raids." "Queen Anne's War - CORRECT ANSWER The second of the four wars fought between France, Spain, England and France's indian allies for control of North America.It ended with Britten gaining much land and trading rights." "The Federalist Party - CORRECT ANSWER The Federalist policies called for a national bank, tariffs, and good relations with Britain as expressed in the Jay Treaty negotiated in 1794. (The only Federalist president was John Adams)" "Who is the first published American poet? - CORRECT ANSWER Anne Bradstreet" "Who is te first African American poet to be published? - CORRECT ANSWER Phillis Wheatley" "What is the first lawmaking body in the Englis colonies? - CORRECT ANSWER Virginia House of Burgesses" "What passed the first set of laws in the English colonies? - CORRECT ANSWER Massachusetts General Court" "which of the following were native to North America before Columbus arrived? - CORRECT ANSWER maize and squash" "Which of the following reasons best explains the argument in the proclamation for Mexico's resisting the annexation of Texas by the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER The United States was setting a dangerous precedent in disregarding the sovereignty of other nations" "Herrera saw Mexico as a victim of aggression primarily because - CORRECT ANSWER while Mexico abided by all treaties, the United States did not" "The United States Supreme Court made which of the following rulings in Dred Scott v. Sandford? - CORRECT ANSWER African Americans were not citizens of the United States" Which of the following were native to North America before Columbus arrived? - CORRECT ANSWER maize and squash" "During the Age of Exploration most super power countries in Europe searched for gold and silver in the Americas and what from Asia? - CORRECT ANSWER silk and spices" "Which of the following is true of White women in the British North American colonies? - CORRECT ANSWER They were restricted in holding property and making legal contracts after marriage." "Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Great Awakening in the American colonies during the mid-eighteenth century? - CORRECT ANSWER Heightened interest in the supernatural caused the renewed persecution of people for witchcraft" "In the early seventeenth century, colonists in the Chesapeake Bay area exported which of the following to England? - CORRECT ANSWER Tobacco" "Seventeenth-century Puritans and Quakers differed primarily over the - CORRECT ANSWER notion of predestination" "Which of the following best describes the American Colonization Society? - CORRECT ANSWER It promoted the settling of free African Americans from the United States to Africa" "Anne Hutchinson and her followers were banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because - CORRECT ANSWER Hutchinson's religious views led to her excommunication from the Puritan church" "Why was it possible for England to establish successful colonies by 1700s? - CORRECT ANSWER Because they had crucial advantages over European rivals" "American Mercantilism in the mid-seventeenth century was the idea of the... - CORRECT ANSWER British" The Declaration of Independence The author of the passage above was influenced by the writings of - CORRECT ANSWER John Locke's Second Treatise on Government" "Which of the following is NOT part of the Treaty of Paris of 1783: - CORRECT ANSWER France would provide aid to the United States to form a government" "Before it was called the US Constitution, the original name of the document was known as - CORRECT ANSWER Articles of Confederation" "Why did Congress feel that the Articles of Confederation was a weak document? - CORRECT ANSWER Because it did not illustrate federal powers but more state sovereignty" "The present King of Great Britain . . . has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws. The "constitution" referred to in the quotation above from the Declaration of Independence was - CORRECT ANSWER the principles the colonists believed had traditionally regulated British government" "The present King of Great Britain . . . has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws. The protest that the king had "combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution" referred to George III's - CORRECT ANSWER approval of parliamentary laws impinging on colonial self-government" "The first ten amendments to the US Constitution, adopted in 1791 to guarantee individual rights and to help secure ratification of the Constitution by the states is called: - CORRECT ANSWER The Bill of Rights" "Which of the following amendment that prohibits slavery or involuntary servitude? - CORRECT ANSWER The 13th Amendment" "The issue of constitutionality figured most prominently in the consideration of which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER First Bank of the United States" "The Federalist Party's political perspective was characterized by which of the following beliefs about the central government? - CORRECT ANSWER It should encourage economic development." "Which of the following was a key component of Alexander Hamilton's plan for the economic development of the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER Establishment of a national bank that would stabilize paper currency and extend credit" "The disagreement between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson regarding the economic policy of the United States can best be summarized as a contrast between - CORRECT ANSWER a centralized system based on trade and manufacturing and a system that relied on independent farmers and agriculture" "Which of the following best describes the significance of Shays' Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion? - CORRECT ANSWER They were precipitated by burdensome tax policies" "In his Farewell Address, George Washington advocated that the United States should develop which of the following policies? - CORRECT ANSWER Adopting an isolationist position by avoiding engaging in alliances with European states" "The Louisiana Purchase was significant because it - CORRECT ANSWER gave the United States control of the Mississippi River" "Which Presidential Administration took the matter in hands with the French after their outcry of the "High Class Federalists" in America? - CORRECT ANSWER John Adams" "Which of the following most directly led to a more democratic political system in the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century? - CORRECT ANSWER Many states reduced or eliminated property qualifications for voting." "The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the United States? - CORRECT ANSWER It severely damaged American shipping." "What was the main authorization of the Jacksonian Indian Policy? - CORRECT ANSWER The relocation of eastern Indians to federal lands west of Mississippi River" "The diverse coalition making up the Whigs Party was clustered around the National Republican Party of - CORRECT ANSWER John Quincy Adams" "Between the Monroe Doctrine (1823) and the outbreak of the Civil War (1861), the most important aspect of United States foreign policy was - CORRECT ANSWER expanding the nation's boundaries" "The presidential election of 1840 is often considered the first "modern" election because - CORRECT ANSWER for the first time, both parties widely campaigned among all the eligible voters" "The 1848 women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York, was a protest against - CORRECT ANSWER customs and laws that gave women a status inferior to that of men" "The Great Famine of Ireland in the 1840s affected the United States in which of the following ways? - CORRECT ANSWER It led to a massive wave of Irish immigrants to the United States" "The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following EXCEPT the belief that - CORRECT ANSWER commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base" "The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following: - CORRECT ANSWER the use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial the Creator selected America as a chosen land populated by a chosen people the ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean" "Which of the following groups was most likely to adopt the Free Soil ideology? - CORRECT ANSWER Western frontier settlers" "Which of the following was opposed by both the Free Soil Party and the Republican Party in the mid-nineteenth century? - CORRECT ANSWER Extension of slavery into the territories" "Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the map above, which shows cotton production in 1860 in the US? - CORRECT ANSWER There was a correlation between the importance of cotton and the use of slave labor in the Southern economy." "Why did the railroad system become more famous than others during the transportation revolution? - CORRECT ANSWER Because of its speed, capacity, and reliability" "The Compromise of 1850 outraged abolitionists because one of the following was included at the time - CORRECT ANSWER The Fugitive Slave Act" "This party supported and demanded the exclusion of immigrants and Catholics from public office: - CORRECT ANSWER The Know Nothing Party" "Which of the following had the greatest impact on the institution of slavery in the United States in the first quarter of the nineteenth century? - CORRECT ANSWER Expanded use of the cotton gin" "In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court decided that - CORRECT ANSWER enslaved people could not be freed by virtue of their residence in a free state" "Which of the following is true of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850? - CORRECT ANSWER Many Northerners opposed it." "The "putting-out system" that emerged in antebellum America refers to the - CORRECT ANSWER production of finished goods in individual households" "Which of the following was a major focus of antebellum reform? - CORRECT ANSWER Prison reform" "Which of the following statements best describes women's involvement in reform movements of the antebellum period? - CORRECT ANSWER Many women argued that their roles as mothers and wives gave them a unique understanding of the nature of and solutions to social ills" "Which of the following was directly involved in helping slaves escape via the Underground Railroad? - CORRECT ANSWER Harriet Tubman" "Which of the following was acknowledged as a clear advantage held by the Union over the Confederacy during the U.S Civil War? - CORRECT ANSWER An industrial capacity that allowed the Union to produce most of what it needed for the war" "Which of the following individual took over the presidency of the Confederate States? - CORRECT ANSWER Jefferson Davis" "During the war, the Confederate States had an geographic advantage because - CORRECT ANSWER Most of the war was fought in the Southern lands, in that they were fighting to defend their own land" "After the Civil War, the majority of freed people found work in the South as - CORRECT ANSWER tenant farmers" "The activities of the Freedmen's Bureau included all of the following EXCEPT - CORRECT ANSWER permanently redistributing land" "The activities of the Freedmen's Bureau included all of the following: - CORRECT ANSWER providing food, clothing, medical care, and shelter to war victims reuniting families of freedmen establishing a network of courts establishing schools for freed people" "Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction included which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Reestablishment of state government after 10 percent of the voters in a state pledged their allegiance to the United States" "All of the following elements of the Radical Republican program were implemented during Reconstruction EXCEPT - CORRECT ANSWER provision of 40 acres to each freedman household" "Francis Drake - CORRECT ANSWER English captain, sailed around the world. Funded by Queen Elizabeth" "The Impeachment Process - CORRECT ANSWER Per Article 1 - House initiates impeachment & acts as grand jury. Next, the Senate with the chief justice presiding begins a trial for guilt or innocence of the president." "the Dutch Colony of New Netherland - CORRECT ANSWER hostile relations with indians because of exploitation of fur trade (main source of wealth). Ethically diverse which led to internal struggling." "Spanish colonization of new world was characterized by: - CORRECT ANSWER exploitation of indians, establishing african slavery, introduction of the horse to america, and the creation of large agriculture plantations" "Puritans - CORRECT ANSWER sought to create perfect religions utopia. Came to the new world to escape persecution. Were not pacifists, did not approve of the pilgrims, or catholics." "King Philips War - CORRECT ANSWER Wampanoag Indians organized by King Philip to destroy New England settlements, Puritans counterattacked and won - ended indian resistance to white settlement" "A series of wars between England and France for control of North America - CORRECT ANSWER King Williams War, Queen Anne's War, King George's War and the Seven Years War - French were defeated" "James Otis - CORRECT ANSWER earned his fame for the Writs of Assistance." "John C Calhoun - CORRECT ANSWER leader in the states right movement" "Henry Clay & Daniel Webster - CORRECT ANSWER supporters of the union - against secession" "The Compromise of 1850 - CORRECT ANSWER California admitted free; stricter fugitive slave law; slave trade forbid in D.C.; New Mexico admitted by popular sovereignty" "The Missouri Compromise - CORRECT ANSWER Engineered by Henry Clay To balance the number of "slave states" and "free states," Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. Prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30'" "The Battle of Saratoga - CORRECT ANSWER America victory that prompted the French to form an alliance against england." "Maryland - CORRECT ANSWER purchased by Catholic Lord Baltimore to be a refuge for persecuted Catholics" "Mercantilism - CORRECT ANSWER Export more than import. Encouraged Americans to provide raw materials to England and purchase manufactured goods. Americans were to engage in exclusive trade with England." "Virginia - CORRECT ANSWER founded as a joint stock colony - became a Royal Colony" "The Jay Treaty - CORRECT ANSWER attempted to settle conflict with Britian at sea, and curtail their agitation of indians on western borders. provided for the evacuation of English troops from their posts along the Great Lakes. Was not supported because english refused to stop the impressment of American sailors" "The Election of 1800 - CORRECT ANSWER Jefferson & Burr Tied - the house cast votes to decide - Jefferson elected" "The Burr Conspiracy - CORRECT ANSWER Burrs scheme to create a new nation of the Southern Territory of the US" "The Treaty of Ghent - CORRECT ANSWER ended the war of 1812 - restored territory taken during the war" "The Monroe Doctrine - CORRECT ANSWER President James Monroe's 3 principles on foreign police. Pledged that America would remain free of European wars and any future colonization. Established the areas of North & South America as an American sphere of influence. Supported by England to prevent war." "Dred Scott - CORRECT ANSWER 1859 Roger taney's decision on slavery - stated the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional" "Andrew Jackson - CORRECT ANSWER 7th president, strong term, Vetoed the Second Bank, "kitchen cabinet", created the spoils system." "Nicholas Biddle - CORRECT ANSWER The Second Bank" "The Gadsden Purchase - CORRECT ANSWER purchase of the land south of the Gila river purchased by Jefferson Davis so that the transcontinental railroad could pass through the south" "When it formed in the 1850s, the Republican Party platform included: - CORRECT ANSWER support of national unity and free labor" "The Trent Affair - CORRECT ANSWER 1861. Almost provoked hostilities between Union and England during the civil war." "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - CORRECT ANSWER established Mexican recognition of the acquisition and the souther boundary at the Rio Grande River - ended Mexican War" "The Tariff Act of 1832 - CORRECT ANSWER established high import fees for all European goods in an effort to protect Northern industries. It offered no benefit to southern states and raised prices for consumers. Led to the Nullification Crisis." "The Nullification Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER proved by South Carolina by voting to nullify the tariffs of 1828 and 1832" "Compromise Tariff of 1833 - CORRECT ANSWER It was a new tariff proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun that gradually lowered the tariff to the level of the tariff of 1816 This compromise avoided civil war and prolonged the union for another 30 years." "The Rush-Bagot Treaty - CORRECT ANSWER 1818 Great Britain and the United states agreed to take military ships from the Great Lakes" "The Treaty of Paris 1763 - CORRECT ANSWER Ended the Seven Years War/ The French and Indian War. France gave up its claims in America. Spanish gave up Florida to Britain but gained New Orleans and Lousiana." "The Prohibitory Act of 1775 - CORRECT ANSWER Declared Americans to be no longer under the protection of King George III and amounted to a virtual declaration of war." "Became president upon Lincoln's assassination - CORRECT ANSWER Andrew Johnson" "The Ostend Manifesto - CORRECT ANSWER forced Spain to sell cuba to the US, or the US would seize the island." "Slave population in south in 1860 - CORRECT ANSWER 4 million" "The Tenure of Office Act - CORRECT ANSWER passed in 1867 to reduce the power of President Andrew Johnson" "The Adams-Onis Treaty - CORRECT ANSWER Spain gave the US both East and West Florida in return for US pmnt of $5 million in claims of american citizens against the spanish" "Alexander Hamilton's "Report of Public Credit Proposed - CORRECT ANSWER proposed to assume state & confederate debt. 1. pay off all foreign and domestic debts 2. have a National Bank 3. have a protective tariff 4. have an excise tax" "John Winthrop - CORRECT ANSWER 1629 - He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president." "incident of the late 1790s in which French secret agents demanded a bribe and a loan to France in lieu of negotiating a dispute over the Jay Treaty and other issues - CORRECT ANSWER the XYZ affair" "Tariff of Abominations 1828 - CORRECT ANSWER Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South. Led to Nullification Crisis" "belief that the Constitution cannot be changed and is what it is - CORRECT ANSWER Strict construction" "3rd President and advocate of states rights - CORRECT ANSWER Thomas Jefferson" "The 9th President (1st Whig) died in office of Pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER William Henry Harrison" "The most famous Methodist traveling frontier preacher. He traveled around the country preaching to large groups. - CORRECT ANSWER Peter Cartwright" "Royal African company - CORRECT ANSWER A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa. - transported slaves" "Tecumseh - CORRECT ANSWER A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813." "Embargo Act 1807 - CORRECT ANSWER This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act." "Samuel Adams - CORRECT ANSWER American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence" "Massachusetts Bay Colony - CORRECT ANSWER 1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government" "John Peter Zenger Trial 1735 - CORRECT ANSWER Man was accused of overstepping freedom of speech and press by printing bad things bout the royal governor of NY - found not guilty, sent precedent for freedom of the press - Encouraged editors to be more critical of public officials." "Baron von Steuben - CORRECT ANSWER A stern, Prussian drillmaster that taught American soldiers during the Revolutionary War how to successfully fight the British." "Indian Removal Act - CORRECT ANSWER (1830) a congressional act signed by Andrew Jackson that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River" "Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 - CORRECT ANSWER 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. By allowing slavery above 36°30', it repealed the Missouri Compromise" "Alien & Sedition Acts - CORRECT ANSWER President Adams - A series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies. Increased residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years. President was granted broad powers to remove "undesirable" aliens and laws were established for large monetary fines and prison sentences for anyone who attached the American government." "Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - CORRECT ANSWER Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional." "Townshend Acts - CORRECT ANSWER passed by Parliament in 1767, placed taxes on imported materials such as glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. Led to outrage and the boycott of British goods." "Neutrality Proclamation 1793 - CORRECT ANSWER a 1793 statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict" "Father of the Constitution; 4th President - CORRECT ANSWER James Madison" "The Pinckney Treaty - CORRECT ANSWER - established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River." "American System - CORRECT ANSWER Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy." "2nd President and federalist - CORRECT ANSWER John Adams" "Non-Intercourse Act 1809 - CORRECT ANSWER reopened trade with all nations of the world except france and Br." "House of Burgesses - CORRECT ANSWER 1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses." "Henry Polk - CORRECT ANSWER 11th president; expansionist; provoked mexican War" "1st National Bank - CORRECT ANSWER Created by Alexander Hamilton in 1791 to stimulate Northern Businesses" "Dartmouth v. Woodward - CORRECT ANSWER 1819--New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court (John Marshall) ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts." "Gibbons vs. Ogden - CORRECT ANSWER supreme court decision that ruled that the constitution gave control of interstate commerce to the U.S. Congress, not the individual states through which a route passed." "Martin v. Hunter's Lessee - CORRECT ANSWER Established the supremacy of federal courts over state courts (1816)" "Fletcher v. Peck - CORRECT ANSWER Supreme Court case which protected property rights and asserted the right to invalidate state laws in conflict with the Constitution. John Adam's "Midnight Appointments" was an issue." "Cohens v Virginia - CORRECT ANSWER Supreme Court case which asserted the right of the Supreme Court to review the decision of state supreme courts" "McCulloch vs. Maryland - CORRECT ANSWER 1819 Court ruled that congress did have authority to charter bank, citing the necessary and proper clause; States couldn't tax government property" "Marbury vs. Madison - CORRECT ANSWER Case in which the supreme court first asserted the power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional" "Morrill Tariff Act - CORRECT ANSWER 1861 This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war." "National Banking Act - CORRECT ANSWER 1863 - Established system of national charters for banks" "Conscription Act - CORRECT ANSWER Enacted in April of 1862, it subjected all white males between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five to military service for three years. It was repealed in 1863." "Turnpikes - CORRECT ANSWER important means of transportation in the 1790s" "Eerie Canal - CORRECT ANSWER Completed in 1825. Increased profitableness of farming in the old Northwest, encouraged the emigration of European immigrants and New England farmers to the Northwest, forced many New Englanders to either abandon their farms or to switch to dairy, fruit, & vegetable farming, weakened political alliance between the farmers in the NW and planters in the south." "Treaty of Paris of 1783 - CORRECT ANSWER A peace agreement that officially ended the Revolutionary War and established British recognition of the independence of the United States. Boundaries of the US were Canada, Florida, and the Mississippi River." "The Freeport Doctrine - CORRECT ANSWER Stephen Douglas's belief that the issue of slavery in the western territories should be determined by popular sovereignty." "Manifest Destiny, American Exceptionalism, Social Darwinism - CORRECT ANSWER All tied together to the belief that Americans were Gods chosen people, were superior, and therefore would dominate other inferior cultures and peoples. American Imperialism" "The French and Indian War - CORRECT ANSWER . The culmination of a series of wars between France and England. Spain gained control of Louisiana. The myth of British invincibility was shattered. The French were eliminated from the American colonial frontier. The colonists began thinking of themselves as Americans rather than British." "The Revolutionary War took place in: - CORRECT ANSWER 1775 until 1783. The Revolutionary War began with the confrontation between British troops and local militia at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, on April 19, 1775." "The Judiciary Act of 1789 - CORRECT ANSWER Provided for a six-judge Supreme Court, 13 district courts, 3 circuit courts and the office of the attorney general. It gave the Supreme Court the power to review state laws that conflicted with federal statuses" "John Brown - CORRECT ANSWER Well-known abolitionist. used violence to stop slavery immediately, Harpers Ferry, VA he was tried, convicted of treason and hung." "The Secret Six - CORRECT ANSWER a group of New York millionaires who provided the financial backing for John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859" "Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction - CORRECT ANSWER Former Confederate states could resume their part in the Union after 10% of voters as of 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the US Constitution, also had to agree to abolish slavery, educate the ex-slaves, establish republican state governments. Opposed by radical republicans" "Wade-Davis Act of 1864 - CORRECT ANSWER Radical Republicans openly broke from Lincoln's reconstruction plans and sought to treat the south as a conquered territory under military rule. Demanded 50% pledge loyalty to the union. Lincoln vetoed the act." "Yorktown - CORRECT ANSWER 1781; last battle of the revolution; British surrendered to Washington" "Wilmot Proviso - CORRECT ANSWER 1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico" "The Louisiana Purchase - CORRECT ANSWER The US purchased Louisiana from France for $15 million, Jefferson expanded the powers of the presidency, The US doubled in size, the treaty of cession left some boundaries vague." "Texas - CORRECT ANSWER Texas won independence from Mexico in 1846 through rebellion." "The First Bank of the United States - CORRECT ANSWER Joint private-public enterprise. Stock was owned by both federal and private individuals in addition to its directors." "The Stamp Act Congress of 1765 - CORRECT ANSWER established the boycott of British goods after the Stamp Act. It provided an important opportunity for colonial leaders to meet and establish ties with one another. 9 colonies participated in it." "The Boston Tea Party - CORRECT ANSWER Responded to the 1773 Tea Act" "Intolerable Acts - CORRECT ANSWER in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses" "closed the Port of Boston until damages had been paid for the Boston Tea Party - CORRECT ANSWER Boston Port Act" "The Panic of 1837 - CORRECT ANSWER Caused by the destruction of the Second Bank of the US, overextension of bank credit, a poor wheat crop, and the Specie Circular of 1836" "The Specie Circular of 1836 - CORRECT ANSWER 1836 required that only gold or silver, or bank notes backed by gold or silver could be used to pay for public land. Contributed to economic depression." "John Jay - CORRECT ANSWER Federalist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from " "John Marshall - CORRECT ANSWER Served as chief justice from and oversaw the development of the Court's power to judge the constitutionality of the acts of Congress" "Roger B. Taney - CORRECT ANSWER Chief Justice from (dred scott)" "Articles of Confederation - CORRECT ANSWER A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War - Congress had the power to control foreign affairs, make war, settle disputes between the states and coin or borrow money but it did NOT have the power to tax" "Salutory Neglect - CORRECT ANSWER The British policy of the 17th century in which the British were lax in the enforcement of laws in the colonies, especially the Navigation Acts, allowing the colonies to develop without much interference from the British government." "The Declaration of Independence was signed in: - CORRECT ANSWER 1776" "The Constitutional Convention took place in: - CORRECT ANSWER 1787" "The Great Compromise - CORRECT ANSWER authored by Roger Sherman - allowed the production of the US Constitution. 2 houses, House of Representatives would be based on population, the senate would have 2 representatives from each state" "The Constitution was Ratified in: - CORRECT ANSWER 1789" "The First Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER focuses on free speech, assembly religion, and the right to petition(1791)" "The Second Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER This amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms. (1791)" "The Third Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER deals with illegal quartering of soldiers in private homes (1791)" "The Fourth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. (Warrant with proof is needed.) (1791)" "The Fifth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER Protects the rights of the accused, including required indictments, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, due process and just compensation (1791)" "The Sixth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER guarantees right to speedy and public trial, the confrontation by witnesses, and the right to call one's own witnesses (1791)" "The Seventh Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER Guarantees a jury trial (1791)" "The Eighth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER Protects against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment (1791)" "The Ninth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER States that all rights not enumerated are nonetheless retained by the people (1791)" "The Tenth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER States that all powers not specifically delegated to the federal government are retained by the states" "The Eleventh Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER States may not be sued by individuals (1798)" "The Twelfth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER required the electoral college to vote separately for president and vice president 1894" "The Thirteenth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER abolished slavery entirely in 1865" "The Fourteenth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER Extended citizenship to all persons; made Confederate debt void and Confederate leaders ineligible for public office; states which denied voting rights to blacks would have their representation in Congress reduced; conferred "dual" citizenship on all citizens - 1868" "The Fifteenth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER Extended voting rights to blacks 1870" "The Proclamation of 1763 - CORRECT ANSWER The proclamation of 1763 ordered the ending of settlement west of the peaks of the Appalachians because of increasing problems with the Indians." "Sugar Act 1764 - CORRECT ANSWER Forbade trade with the non-English West Indies and required trials for those breaking the law to be held in Admiralty Courts which had no juries." "The Middle Colonies - CORRECT ANSWER New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware" "New England Colonies - CORRECT ANSWER Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island" "The Southern Colonies - CORRECT ANSWER Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland" "Credit Mobilier Scandal - CORRECT ANSWER 1872 illegal manipulation of contracts by a construction and finance company associated with the building of the Union Pacific Railroad (during Grant's presidency)" "The Hartford Convention - CORRECT ANSWER Hartford Resolutions: Demanded a series of amendments by the federalists. itutional amendment which would restrict the president to a single term and would prohibit successive presidents from the same state 2. Omit slaves from the census used to apportion representation at congress 3. require 2/3 vote of congress to declare ware" "The Doctrine of Nullification - CORRECT ANSWER Supported heavily by Calhoun that stated a state had the right to overrule, or nullify, federal legislation. This could protect the minority against the tyranny of the majority" "First states to secede - CORRECT ANSWER 1860 - South Carolina (prior to Lincoln's inauguration), 1861 - Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas." "Final states to secede after Fort Sumter - April 12, 1861 - CORRECT ANSWER Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina" "Years of the Civil War - CORRECT ANSWER " "Battle of Fort Sumter - CORRECT ANSWER the spark that started the Civil War; Lincoln sends in troops to the South to recapture federal forts and preserve the Union, four new states secede (Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee)" "Battle of Antietam - CORRECT ANSWER Civil War battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties" "Gold Rushes - CORRECT ANSWER California in 1849. Colorado and Nevada in 1859. South Dakota in 1874. Alaska in 1880 and 1896." "Black Codes - CORRECT ANSWER Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War" "Unitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER the most influential of the organized religious philosophies in the 18th century. Formally organized by William Ellery Channing in 1825." "Webster-Hayne Debate - CORRECT ANSWER An argument between Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne, about the issue states' rights versus national power. Webster said that Hayne was a challenge to the integrity of the Union. Hayne responded with a defense of the theory of nullification. Webster then spent two full afternoons delievering what became known as his "Second Reply to Hayne." He concluded with the ringing appeal: "Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable."" "Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 - CORRECT ANSWER 1842 - Established Maine's northern border against Canada, and the boundaries of the Great Lake states. Provided for a join Anglo-American effort to suppress the African Slave trade." "Washington's Farewell Address - CORRECT ANSWER -Washington retired from office after his 2nd term in 1797. His Farewell Address is actually a letter. In it he reacted sharply to Republicans, by warning against international entanglements (more specifically, denouncing against the Republicans that had been conspiring with the French to frustrate the Federalist diplomatic against the dangers of permanent alliances with foreign nations. (Ex. The Jay Treaty)Warned against sectionalism (Ex: put down the Whiskey Rebellion). Temporary alliances wouldn't be quite as dangerous, but they should be made only in "extraordinary emergencies". He also spoke against partisan bitterness. (Federalist and Republican parties) " "Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws - CORRECT ANSWER Montesquieu was a French noble of the 18th century. The work, spirit of the laws, used the empirical method and decided that no political laws apply to all people at all times in all places. It depends on variables." "Tocqueville's Democracy in America - CORRECT ANSWER In Democracy in America, published in 1835, Tocqueville wrote of the New World and its burgeoning democratic order. Observing from the perspective of a detached social scientist, Tocqueville wrote of his travels through America in the early 19th Century when the market revolution, Western expansion, and Jacksonian democracy were radically transforming the fabric of American life. He saw democracy as an equation that balanced liberty and equality, concern for the individual as well as the community. Tocqueville's impressions of American religion and its relationship to the broader national culture are likewise notable." "Cotton Mather - CORRECT ANSWER leading Puritan minster and intellectual. Leading figure in the Salem witch trials, earned fame for his book "Magnalia Christi Americana", a homage to great Puritan Americans." "Oliver Ellsworth - CORRECT ANSWER Third Supreme Court Chief Justice, Senator from Connecticut" "Era of Good Feelings - CORRECT ANSWER A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. Ended by the Missouri Compromise" "US Population more than doubled from: - CORRECT ANSWER 9 million in 1820 to 23 million 1850" "The American Colonization Society - CORRECT ANSWER An antislavery organization that advocated gradual emancipation on an individual basis. Once freed, the slaves would be shipped back to Africa as they believed there was no place for them in America." "Seneca Falls Convention - CORRECT ANSWER (1848) the first national women's rights convention in New York at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written" "The Newburgh Conspiracy - CORRECT ANSWER disgruntled army officers disgusted with a central gov. too week to collect taxes to pay them & their troops. - the use of the Continental Army to create a more centralized Union of the states." "Seward's Folly - CORRECT ANSWER the name given to the purchase of Alaska. , -Secretary of State William Seward's negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867 for about $7 million -- about 2 cents per acre . At the time everyone thought this was a mistake to buy Alaska the "ice box" but it turned out to be the biggest bargain since the Louisiana purchase. They later realized Alaska was really useful for resources like fish, furs, and lumber." "Was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from office - CORRECT ANSWER President Andrew Johnson" "Morrill Land Grand Act - CORRECT ANSWER provided large amounts of federal government land to states that would establish agricultural an mechanical colleges." "The Molasses Act - CORRECT ANSWER Intended to enforce England's mercantilist policies by forcing the colonists to buy sugar from other British colonies rather than foreign producers." "Panic of 1819 - CORRECT ANSWER 1st major financial panic since the Constitution was ratified; marked the end of economic expansion and featured deflation (value of US money going down), depression, bank failures, foreclosures on western farms, unemployment, a slump in agriculture and manufacturing, and overcrowded debtor's prisons. Also risky lending practices of the state and local banks led to overspeculation on lands in west- the national bank tightened its credit lending policies and eventually forced these state and local banks to foreclose mortgages on farms, which resulted in bankruptcies and prisons full of debtors." "Treaty of 1818 - CORRECT ANSWER A negotiated treaty between the Monroe administration and England. This treaty came after the War of 1812 to settle disputes between Britain and U.S. It permitted Americans to share Newfoundland fisheries w/ the Canadians, and fixed the vague northern limits of Louisiana from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. It also provided for a 10-year joint occupation of untamed Oregon country. Surprisingly, neither Britain or America had to surrender rights or claims for this to occur." "Legal Tender Act - CORRECT ANSWER Lincoln signed in 1862, authorized $150 million in greenbacks. - Confederacy never made its paper money legal tender, responded by making more paper money, which accelerated southern inflation." "National Bank Act - CORRECT ANSWER It raised money for the Union in the American Civil War by enticing banks to buy federal bonds, and taxed state bonds out of existence. It helped the Union war effort economically." "Civil Rights Act of 1866 - CORRECT ANSWER A bill that guaranteed blacks the right to sue, serve on juries, testify as witnesses against whites, and enter into legal contracts. The act did not give blacks the right to vote, because most Radical Republicans in 1866 remained unconvinced that black suffrage was a necessity. When more Radicals were elected to Congress that autumn, however, they did consider making black suffrage a requirement for a state's readmission into the Union. The act eventually led to the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution." "Civil Rights Act of 1875 - CORRECT ANSWER A bill that forbade racial discrimination in all public places. The act was the Radical Republicans' last legislative effort to protect the civil liberties of former slaves. Democrats in the House opposed the bill from the outset and consequently made sure it remained largely ineffectual." "Treaty of Tordesillas - CORRECT ANSWER A 1494 agreement between portugal and spain, moving the Line of Demarcation farther west." "Henry Clay - CORRECT ANSWER Engineered the Missouri Compromise" "The Missouri Compromise of 1820 - CORRECT ANSWER This maintained the balance of slave and free states by bringing in Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. It sought to diffuse slavery as an issue in westward expansion by prohibiting slavery north of latitude 36°30', but it said nothing about popular sovereignty south of that line." ""We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists." Was said by? - CORRECT ANSWER Thomas Jefferson, following the heated elections of 1800." "The Treaty of Paris 1783 (four main parts) - CORRECT ANSWER Britain recognizes independence of the U.S.; boundaries of the new nation are established; American ships are given unlimited fishing rights; creditors of either side would be unimpeded in the collection of lawful debts; the U.S. would compensate loyalists whose property had been confiscated" "Freeport Doctrine - CORRECT ANSWER In a Douglas vs. Lincoln debate, this was Stephen Douglas's said that slavery could be prevented from any territory by the refusal of the people living in that territory to pass laws favorable to slavery. Likewise, if the people of the territory supported slavery, legislation would provide for its continued existence. He didn't want to go against the Supreme Court and say it couldn't be continued into the territories but he also didn't want to anger southerners." "The Triangular Trade - CORRECT ANSWER The pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the American continents. They traded rum,slaves, sugar, and tobacco ." "Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at... - CORRECT ANSWER The Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865" "The Judiciary Act of 1789 - CORRECT ANSWER Congress provided for a Supreme Court of six members and a system of lower district courts and courts of appeal, also giving the Supreme Court the power to make the final decisions in cases involving the constitution or state laws." "Alexander Hamilton's Legislative Program - CORRECT ANSWER Promoted the Bank of the United States, assumption of Confederation and state debts, excise taxes, and manufacturing" "The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 - CORRECT ANSWER Defined the process by which new states could be admitted into the Union from the Northwest Territory. It forbade slavery in the territory but allowed citizens to vote on the legality of slavery once statehood had been established." "The Specie Circular of 1836 - CORRECT ANSWER An executive order issued by U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1836 and carried out by President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver." "The Trent Affair - CORRECT ANSWER -2 Confederate diplomats slipped through the Union blockade near Cuba, where they boarded an English steamer, the Trent, set for England. -The American frigate stopped the English vessel without authorization, arrested the diplomats, and carried them back to Boston. -As a result, the British government demanded the release of the prisoners, reparations, and an apology." "Ostend Manifesto - CORRECT ANSWER A document drafted by three proslavery diplomats in support of buying Cuba from Spain to expand the United States' slave territory" "Stephen A Douglas - CORRECT ANSWER Politician from illinois who supported popular sovereignty and basically destroyed his political career with the freeport doctrine. Strongly supported the compromise of 1850. Engineered different coalitions to pass each part of the compromise separately." "The Free Soil Party - CORRECT ANSWER Organized in 1848, this third party proposed the exclude slavery from federal territories and nominated former President Van Buren in the election that year. Most became Republicans." "The Know Nothing Party - CORRECT ANSWER Supported natural-born American opportunities and opposed immigration. When asked about the party they would say "I know nothing."" "Hudson River School - CORRECT ANSWER A well-known group of landscape painters in the first half of the nineteenth century." "_____ was "The great equalizer" in American society - CORRECT ANSWER Public Schools" "Dorothea Dix - CORRECT ANSWER New England teacher and author who was a pioneer in the movement for better treatment of the mentally ill" "William Lloyd Garrison - CORRECT ANSWER . Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society." "King George's War - CORRECT ANSWER The third War fought between Britain and France and Spain. It took place not only in Europe but also in North America with American colonists supporting the British with thousands of troops. In the end, Britain gained lands in India but lost Louisburg, which embittered the American colonists relations with the Mother Country ." "Vasco Nunez de Dalboa - CORRECT ANSWER The first European to see the Pacific" "Jaun Ponce de Leon - CORRECT ANSWER Wanted gold and fountain of youth, made first spanish settlement in america. He explored and established his settlement in Florida." "John Cabot - CORRECT ANSWER Italian-born navigator explored the coast of New England, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland looking for the NW Passage. Gave England a claim in North America." "Giovanni da Verrazzano - CORRECT ANSWER An Italian explorer in the service of France. In 1524, he sailed to North America in search of the NW Passage" "Francis Drake - CORRECT ANSWER A very successful privateer in the service of England. Sailed around the world." "John White - CORRECT ANSWER Roanoke's colony leader who returned to England for more food and tools--when he finally returned to Roanoke the colony had vanished." "John Smith - CORRECT ANSWER Kept the Virginia colony from collapsing by laying down the law. "If you do not work, you do not eat."" "Henry Hudson - CORRECT ANSWER Looked for a NW Passage for Holand" "William Bradford - CORRECT ANSWER Leader of the Pilgrims" "John Winthrop - CORRECT ANSWER Leader of the Puritan group that started Massachusetts. He became the Governor." "The Whig Party - CORRECT ANSWER This party wanted expanding power of the federal government, encouraged industrial and commercial development, and was cautious about westward expansion because they feared it would produce instability. It encouraged rising to commercial and manufacturing power and was found favorable to the merchants and manufacturers of the Northeast, the wealthy planters of the South, and the farmers of the West. This party also attracted Evangelical Protestants." "Republican-Democratic Party - CORRECT ANSWER political party that believed the people should have political power, favored strong state governments, emphasized agriculture, favored strict interpretation of the constitution, were pro-French, opposed national bank. Led by Jefferson and Madison." Where did General Robert E. Lee surrender his forces in 1865, effectively ending the war? - CORRECT ANSWER Appomattox, Virginia" "What was the greatest problem of the Washington administration? - CORRECT ANSWER economic turmoil" "How was the united States affected by the Great Famine of Ireland in the 1840s? - CORRECT ANSWER It led to a massive wave of Irish immigrants to the United states" "What did George Washington warn the country about during his farewell Address? - CORRECT ANSWER permanent foreign alliances" "Which president oversaw the Lousiana Purchase? - CORRECT ANSWER Thomas Jefferson" "What is the pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the American continents? - CORRECT ANSWER The Triangular trade" "What promoted the bank of the United States, assumption of Confederation and state debts, exercise taxes and manufacturing? - CORRECT ANSWER Alexander Hamilton's Legislative Program" "What forbade slavery in the territory but allowed citizens to vote on the legality of slavery once statehood has been established? - CORRECT ANSWER The Northwest Ordinance of 1787" "During the Age of Exploration, most super power countries in Europe searched for gold and silver in the Americas and what from Asia? - CORRECT ANSWER silk and spices" "Which of the following crops was most important to the early development of the Chesapeake Bay colonies? - CORRECT ANSWER tobacco" "Which was the following most characterized the First Great Awakening? - CORRECT ANSWER The spread of religious evangelicalism" "Which of the following best describes how Bacon's Rebellion contributed to the transition from indentured servitude to slavery in seventeenth-century Virginia? - CORRECT ANSWER elites consciously encouraged racism to destroy interracial cooperation in the lower classes" "The Proclamation of 1763 was intended to do which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER restrain colonial settlement along the Appalachian Mountains" "In the 19th century, rural laborers new to factory work had difficulty adjusting to the - CORRECT ANSWER rigid system of timetables and life by the clock" "The Erie Canal was significant to the development of the early United States because it - CORRECT ANSWER expanded trade between New York and the Midwest" "Mexico's grievances in the excerpt failed to acknowledge which of the following important realities? - CORRECT ANSWER Most people in Texas supported either independence or annexation by the United States" "John Winthrop told the Puritans that their society would be regarded as "a city upon a hill." But first he explained that there would always be inequalities of wealth and power, that some people would always be in positions of authority, and that others would be dependent. His statements best illustrate the Puritans' - CORRECT ANSWER acceptance of the traditional belief that social order depended on a system of ranks" "The French and Indian War led Great Britain to - CORRECT ANSWER impose revenue taxes on its North American colonies" "All of the following were common characteristics of many colonial New England families EXCEPT? - CORRECT ANSWER a place that sheltered men from the workplace" "All of the following were common characteristics of many colonial New England families: - CORRECT ANSWER a hierarchical institution in which the father represented the source of authority a social institution that cared for the needy and the poor a social institution that provided vocational training a basic farming unit" "Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia? - CORRECT ANSWER It spread rapidly in the late-seventeenth century, as enslaved Africans replaced European indentured" "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania were written to - CORRECT ANSWER argue against the power of Parliament to tax the colonists without representation" "Under the Articl