Biology 151 Exam Rated A+ (Verified) 100% Correct Answers

Biology 151 Exam Rated A+ (Verified) 100% Correct Answers What does a phylogenic tree do - Answer - show a hypothesis about how organisms are related Snakes are more closely related to _______ than _______. - Answer - Lizards than tuatara tuatara than crocodiles which evolved more recently. Crocodiles or tuatara? - Answer - crocodiles Would "Lizard" be considered a monophyletic group? Why or why not? - Answer - No because it does not pass the "one snip test". If you were to cut out the lizard group in one spot you would also get snakes. It has a common ancestor but does not include the rest of the descendants. cocci arrangements - Answer - bacilli arrangements - Answer - Gram positive bacteria - Answer - have a thick cell wall surrounding their cell membrane will be purple as a result of the gram stain conjugation - Answer - physical contact of two bacterial or protist cells is required to transfer DNA. transduction - Answer - a virus is required to transfer bacterial DNA. Transformation - Answer - A bacterium takes up "naked" DNA from the environment. viral structure - Answer - Capsid is made up of capsomere proteins RNA or Genetic material contains the information to make new proteins Envelope is the structure that's made from the cell of the membrane host Explain why viruses are living - Answer - They can reproduce, they have a genome, they adapt to their environment, and they respond to stimuli Explain why viruses are non-living - Answer - they are a-cellular (no cell membrane) which violates cell theory, they cannot regulate themselves (no homeostasis), they rely on host for protein synthesis, no metabolism (can't generate ATP) endosymbiotic theory - Answer - primary endosymbiosis- prokaryote + eukaryote = eukaryote eukaryote takes in prokaryote Secondary endosymbiosis- eukaryote + eukaryote = eukaryote eukaryote takes in eukaryote evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory - Answer - circular dna, ribosomes are similar in size to bacterial ribosomes, replicate via binary fission, double membrane amoebozoans - Answer - protists move using lobe-shaped pseudopodia (ex. slime molds) alveolates - Answer - Unicellular, often photosynthetic protists that move using cilia. eukaryotes and alveolates - Answer - diatomes, dinoflagellates, and radiolarians could all be classified into these groups What ingredients in a salad made of lettuce, mushrooms, and turkey. What components are opisthotonos? - Answer - Protists, fungi, and animals mushrooms and turkey would be opisthokonts asexual reproduction results in offspring genetically identical to the parent, while sexual reproduction produces genetically different offspring - Answer - true A single celled fungus known as _________, can reproduce asexually through _________ - Answer - yeast Budding The body of multicellular fungus called a ________ and is made up of multiple threadlike structures called __________ - Answer - Mycelium Hyphae In times of stress, fungi can form a ______, which produce and release spores. - Answer - Fruiting body decomposer - Answer - an organism produces an enzyme to digest cellulose in plant cell walls. pathogen - Answer - an organism that causes disease in its host. facultative parasite - Answer - a fungal species can either absorb nutrients as molecules from the environment or acquire them from a host. In a lichen, the fungus provides______ to its symbiont, and in return the fungus gets ______. - Answer - nitrogen sugars _____ plants include all _____ plants, and all _____ plants are also considered_____ plants. - Answer - green plants include all and plants and all seed plants are also considered vascular plants Lilies are considered... - Answer - angiosperms, land plants, seed plants, vascular plants diagram that depicts alternation of generations - Answer - *half A stage half B stage* shows both haploid and diploid multicellular stages in the alternation of generations diagram, the A stage represents structures that are _____, while the B stages are _____ structures. This means that process X must represent _____, while process Y represents ______. Mosses and liverworts will spend most of their time in the _____ stages, while ferns and horsetail will spend more time in ______. - Answer - Haploid Diploid Meiosis Fertilization A stages B stages