ISSA - Bodybuilding - Unit 1 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER - A group of motor units physically separated by a
membrane from other groups of motor units.
Smooth Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER - Governed by the autonomic nervous system and
includes the muscles that line the digestive tract and protect the blood vessels.
Cardiac Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER - Which includes the heart, as smooth muscle is
modulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Skeletal Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER - Blends into tendinous insertions that attach to
bones, pulling on them, which generates desired movement.
Motor Unit - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of a single neuron and all the muscle fibers
innervated by it.
Myofibrils - CORRECT ANSWER - Microscopic protein filaments that make up muscle
cells.
Small bundles of myofilaments.
Myofilaments - CORRECT ANSWER - The contractile proteins, actin and myosin, of
muscle cells
The elements of the muscle that shorten upon contraction
Myosin - CORRECT ANSWER - Short, thick filaments that make up part of myofilaments
, Actin - CORRECT ANSWER - Long, thin filaments that make up part of myofilaments
Reciprocal Innervation - CORRECT ANSWER - When a prime mover muscle (or group
of muscles) contracts, the opposing muscle (or group) relaxes
Sliding Filament Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - This theory states that a myofibril
contracts by the actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other. Chemical bonds and receptor
sites on the myofilaments attract each other, allowing the contraction to be held until fatigue
interferes.
Type I Muscle Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER - (Slow-twitch or red fiber) are highly
resistant to fatigue and injury, but their force output is very low. Activities performed in the
aerobic pathway call upon these muscle fibers.
Type IIa Muscle Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER - (Fast-twitch or intermediate fibers) are
larger in size and much stronger than Type I fibers are. They have a high capacity for glycolytic
activity—they can produce high-force output for long periods.
Type IIx Muscle Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER - (Fast-twitch muscle fibers) are often
referred to as "couch potato fibers" because of their prevalence in sedentary individuals.
Research has shown that 16% of a sedentary person's total muscle mass is of this fiber type.
Connective Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Connect muscle to bones and to connect
joints together.
Tendons - CORRECT ANSWER - Connect muscle to bone
Ligaments - CORRECT ANSWER - Connect bones to bones at a joint and, along with
collagen, contain a somewhat elastic fiber called elastin.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER - A group of motor units physically separated by a
membrane from other groups of motor units.
Smooth Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER - Governed by the autonomic nervous system and
includes the muscles that line the digestive tract and protect the blood vessels.
Cardiac Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER - Which includes the heart, as smooth muscle is
modulated by the autonomic nervous system.
Skeletal Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER - Blends into tendinous insertions that attach to
bones, pulling on them, which generates desired movement.
Motor Unit - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of a single neuron and all the muscle fibers
innervated by it.
Myofibrils - CORRECT ANSWER - Microscopic protein filaments that make up muscle
cells.
Small bundles of myofilaments.
Myofilaments - CORRECT ANSWER - The contractile proteins, actin and myosin, of
muscle cells
The elements of the muscle that shorten upon contraction
Myosin - CORRECT ANSWER - Short, thick filaments that make up part of myofilaments
, Actin - CORRECT ANSWER - Long, thin filaments that make up part of myofilaments
Reciprocal Innervation - CORRECT ANSWER - When a prime mover muscle (or group
of muscles) contracts, the opposing muscle (or group) relaxes
Sliding Filament Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - This theory states that a myofibril
contracts by the actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other. Chemical bonds and receptor
sites on the myofilaments attract each other, allowing the contraction to be held until fatigue
interferes.
Type I Muscle Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER - (Slow-twitch or red fiber) are highly
resistant to fatigue and injury, but their force output is very low. Activities performed in the
aerobic pathway call upon these muscle fibers.
Type IIa Muscle Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER - (Fast-twitch or intermediate fibers) are
larger in size and much stronger than Type I fibers are. They have a high capacity for glycolytic
activity—they can produce high-force output for long periods.
Type IIx Muscle Fibers - CORRECT ANSWER - (Fast-twitch muscle fibers) are often
referred to as "couch potato fibers" because of their prevalence in sedentary individuals.
Research has shown that 16% of a sedentary person's total muscle mass is of this fiber type.
Connective Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Connect muscle to bones and to connect
joints together.
Tendons - CORRECT ANSWER - Connect muscle to bone
Ligaments - CORRECT ANSWER - Connect bones to bones at a joint and, along with
collagen, contain a somewhat elastic fiber called elastin.
