UW MADISON BIOLOGY 151 EXAM 1
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is CHOPNS and what does it stand for? - Correct Answers -It is what 96%
(CHON) of the mass of all living creatures are made of.
It stands for Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Sulfur
What are examples of strong bonds? - Correct Answers -Covalent and Ionic
What are examples of weak bonds? - Correct Answers -Van Der Waals and hydrogen
bonds
What are the four main types of macromolecules? - Correct Answers -Carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Which macromolecules always contain carbon? - Correct Answers -All of them
Which macromolecules always contain phosphorus? - Correct Answers -lipids and
nucleic acids
which macromolecules always contain nitrogen? - Correct Answers -proteins and
nucleic acids
ATP synthase in krebs - Correct Answers -An enzyme that couples the movement of
protons through the enzyme so the raptors can move from the inter membrane space to
the mitochondrial matrix with the synthesis of ATP.
How many molecules of ATP are generated throughout respirations and how to we
know? - Correct Answers -Approximately 2.5 molecules of ATP are produced for each
NADH that donates electrons to the chain and 1.5 molecules of ATP for each FADH2.
Therefore, overall, the complete oxidation of glucose yields about 32 molecules of ATP
from glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (
lactic acid fermentation - Correct Answers -The fermentation pathway in animals and
bacteria during which electrons from NADH are transferred to pyruvate to produce lactic
acid and NAD+.
which macromolecules frequently contain sulfur? - Correct Answers -proteins
, what is a covalent bond? - Correct Answers -bond formed by a shared pair of electrons
holding two atoms together (two pairs equals double bond)
What is an ionic bond? - Correct Answers -The association of two atoms resulting from
the attraction of opposite charges.
What is a hydrogen bond? - Correct Answers -the attraction between a hydrogen atom
with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge
(electronegative)
cohesion - Correct Answers -Attraction between molecules; one consequence of
cohesion is high surface tension.
organic molecule - Correct Answers -A carbon-containing molecule
Proteins and what they are a polymer of - Correct Answers -provide structural support
and act as catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions
amino acids
Nucleic acids and what they are a polymer of - Correct Answers -encode and transmit
genetic information.
nucleotides
Carbohydrates and what they are a polymer of - Correct Answers -provide a source of
energy and make up the cell wall in bacteria, plants, and algae
simple sugars
Lipids and what they are a polymer of - Correct Answers -make up cell membranes,
store energy, and act as signaling molecules.
fatty acids bonded to other organic molecules
how to identify a protein - Correct Answers --alpha carbon
-amino group (NH2)
-carboxyl group (COOH)
-side chain
-hydrogen atom
peptide bond - Correct Answers -A covalent bond that links the carbon atom in the
carboxyl group of one amino acid to the nitrogen atom in the amino group of another
amino acid.
in what macromolecules does the loss of a water molecule occur? - Correct Answers -
Proteins, complex carbs and nucleic acids
how to identify a nucleic acid - Correct Answers --5 carbon sugar
-nitrogen containing compound called a base
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is CHOPNS and what does it stand for? - Correct Answers -It is what 96%
(CHON) of the mass of all living creatures are made of.
It stands for Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Sulfur
What are examples of strong bonds? - Correct Answers -Covalent and Ionic
What are examples of weak bonds? - Correct Answers -Van Der Waals and hydrogen
bonds
What are the four main types of macromolecules? - Correct Answers -Carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Which macromolecules always contain carbon? - Correct Answers -All of them
Which macromolecules always contain phosphorus? - Correct Answers -lipids and
nucleic acids
which macromolecules always contain nitrogen? - Correct Answers -proteins and
nucleic acids
ATP synthase in krebs - Correct Answers -An enzyme that couples the movement of
protons through the enzyme so the raptors can move from the inter membrane space to
the mitochondrial matrix with the synthesis of ATP.
How many molecules of ATP are generated throughout respirations and how to we
know? - Correct Answers -Approximately 2.5 molecules of ATP are produced for each
NADH that donates electrons to the chain and 1.5 molecules of ATP for each FADH2.
Therefore, overall, the complete oxidation of glucose yields about 32 molecules of ATP
from glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (
lactic acid fermentation - Correct Answers -The fermentation pathway in animals and
bacteria during which electrons from NADH are transferred to pyruvate to produce lactic
acid and NAD+.
which macromolecules frequently contain sulfur? - Correct Answers -proteins
, what is a covalent bond? - Correct Answers -bond formed by a shared pair of electrons
holding two atoms together (two pairs equals double bond)
What is an ionic bond? - Correct Answers -The association of two atoms resulting from
the attraction of opposite charges.
What is a hydrogen bond? - Correct Answers -the attraction between a hydrogen atom
with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge
(electronegative)
cohesion - Correct Answers -Attraction between molecules; one consequence of
cohesion is high surface tension.
organic molecule - Correct Answers -A carbon-containing molecule
Proteins and what they are a polymer of - Correct Answers -provide structural support
and act as catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions
amino acids
Nucleic acids and what they are a polymer of - Correct Answers -encode and transmit
genetic information.
nucleotides
Carbohydrates and what they are a polymer of - Correct Answers -provide a source of
energy and make up the cell wall in bacteria, plants, and algae
simple sugars
Lipids and what they are a polymer of - Correct Answers -make up cell membranes,
store energy, and act as signaling molecules.
fatty acids bonded to other organic molecules
how to identify a protein - Correct Answers --alpha carbon
-amino group (NH2)
-carboxyl group (COOH)
-side chain
-hydrogen atom
peptide bond - Correct Answers -A covalent bond that links the carbon atom in the
carboxyl group of one amino acid to the nitrogen atom in the amino group of another
amino acid.
in what macromolecules does the loss of a water molecule occur? - Correct Answers -
Proteins, complex carbs and nucleic acids
how to identify a nucleic acid - Correct Answers --5 carbon sugar
-nitrogen containing compound called a base
