PHAR 100 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
>0.4% Correct Answers Respiratory depression, death
0.05-0.1% BAC Correct Answers Sedation, subjective "high",
slower reaction times.
0.1-0.2% BAC Correct Answers Impaired motor function,
slurred speech, ataxia
0.2-0.3% BAC Correct Answers Emesis, stupor
0.3-0.4% BAC Correct Answers Coma
0.5-2 years Correct Answers Health Canada Review and
Manufacturing
1900s Organoarsenicals Correct Answers Paul Ehrlich:
Designed complexes of arsenic and organic molecules called
orsanoarsenicals which selectively bound to parasites.
Applied to other infectious diseases and led to cure for syphilis.
1930s: Sulfa Drugs Correct Answers Gerhard Domagk
introduced sulfa drugs in 1930s Germany.
First synthetic drug used for treatment of bacterial disease.
Now termed antibacterial compounds.
,1940s: Penicillin Correct Answers Alexander Fleming
discovered penicilin, the first antibiotic.
Introduction to modern medicine occurred during WWII
Majorly used in gram-positive bacterial disease.
1950s: Streptomycin Correct Answers Selman Waksman
discovered streptomycin. Helped to treat Gram-negative
bacterial diseases and tuberculosis.
3-6 years Correct Answers Basic research and drug discovery
and preclinical trials
6-7 years Correct Answers Clinical trials
-Phase 1: 10s of patients enrolled in study.
-Phase 2: 100s of patients
-Phase 3: 1000s of patients
About 25 % of the drugs used today are... Correct Answers
derived from plant sources, with the active substances being
purified and then modified to be either more effective or less
toxic.
Absorbents Correct Answers Add bulk to the GI tract and may
absorb toxins.
Used for acute symptoms of self-limiting diarrhea.
,Absorption of alcohol Correct Answers ethanol is absorbed
rapidly from the stomach nd the small intestine (20% and 80%)
are absorbed respectively.
The time from the last drink to the maximal blood alcohol
concentration ranges from 30 to 90 minutes.
Absorption of Caffeine Correct Answers Taken orally, rapidly
and completely absorbed.
Blood levels of caffeine are significant at 30 minutes and peak
after 2 hours.
Absorption of THC Correct Answers Absorption: Commonly
inhaled or ingested.
If inhaled the absorption of THC is rapid and the onset of action
is almost immediate. Effect lasts three to four hours.
If ingested, the absorption occurs slowly and is incomplete.
Onset of action delayed 30 to 60 minutes. Effect is less than that
of smoking.
Absorption: Active/carrier mediated transport. Correct Answers
Drugs bind to proteins, which carry molecules across the
membrane. Once bound, the carrier protein-drug complex moves
across the membrane and releases the drug on the other side of
the membrane. Can move down a concentration gradient but can
also be an active process, using energy to move against a
concentration gradient.
, Absorption: Diffusion through aqueous pores Correct Answers
Drugs with small molecular weights that are water soluble can
move across membranes by dissolving in the fluids surrounding
the cell and then passing through the small openings. From high
to low concentration.
Absorption: Diffusion through lipids Correct Answers Cellular
membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer structure. They pass
through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid portion of the
membrane. These drugs still flow down a concentration
gradient.
Absorption: Nicotine Correct Answers Nicotine exists in
cigarette smoke in small particles.
When inhaled, these droplets are rapidly absorbed.
It is also absorbed from the GI tract, oral mucosa, and across the
skin.
Abuse Correct Answers Use/missuse
Abuser, addict, druggie, junkie Correct Answers Person with
SUD
Acetate Correct Answers (acetic acid) is further metabolized by
a number of tissues into carbon dioxide and water.
Acetylsalicylic acid Correct Answers A type of internal
analgesic and the generic name for Aspirin.
>0.4% Correct Answers Respiratory depression, death
0.05-0.1% BAC Correct Answers Sedation, subjective "high",
slower reaction times.
0.1-0.2% BAC Correct Answers Impaired motor function,
slurred speech, ataxia
0.2-0.3% BAC Correct Answers Emesis, stupor
0.3-0.4% BAC Correct Answers Coma
0.5-2 years Correct Answers Health Canada Review and
Manufacturing
1900s Organoarsenicals Correct Answers Paul Ehrlich:
Designed complexes of arsenic and organic molecules called
orsanoarsenicals which selectively bound to parasites.
Applied to other infectious diseases and led to cure for syphilis.
1930s: Sulfa Drugs Correct Answers Gerhard Domagk
introduced sulfa drugs in 1930s Germany.
First synthetic drug used for treatment of bacterial disease.
Now termed antibacterial compounds.
,1940s: Penicillin Correct Answers Alexander Fleming
discovered penicilin, the first antibiotic.
Introduction to modern medicine occurred during WWII
Majorly used in gram-positive bacterial disease.
1950s: Streptomycin Correct Answers Selman Waksman
discovered streptomycin. Helped to treat Gram-negative
bacterial diseases and tuberculosis.
3-6 years Correct Answers Basic research and drug discovery
and preclinical trials
6-7 years Correct Answers Clinical trials
-Phase 1: 10s of patients enrolled in study.
-Phase 2: 100s of patients
-Phase 3: 1000s of patients
About 25 % of the drugs used today are... Correct Answers
derived from plant sources, with the active substances being
purified and then modified to be either more effective or less
toxic.
Absorbents Correct Answers Add bulk to the GI tract and may
absorb toxins.
Used for acute symptoms of self-limiting diarrhea.
,Absorption of alcohol Correct Answers ethanol is absorbed
rapidly from the stomach nd the small intestine (20% and 80%)
are absorbed respectively.
The time from the last drink to the maximal blood alcohol
concentration ranges from 30 to 90 minutes.
Absorption of Caffeine Correct Answers Taken orally, rapidly
and completely absorbed.
Blood levels of caffeine are significant at 30 minutes and peak
after 2 hours.
Absorption of THC Correct Answers Absorption: Commonly
inhaled or ingested.
If inhaled the absorption of THC is rapid and the onset of action
is almost immediate. Effect lasts three to four hours.
If ingested, the absorption occurs slowly and is incomplete.
Onset of action delayed 30 to 60 minutes. Effect is less than that
of smoking.
Absorption: Active/carrier mediated transport. Correct Answers
Drugs bind to proteins, which carry molecules across the
membrane. Once bound, the carrier protein-drug complex moves
across the membrane and releases the drug on the other side of
the membrane. Can move down a concentration gradient but can
also be an active process, using energy to move against a
concentration gradient.
, Absorption: Diffusion through aqueous pores Correct Answers
Drugs with small molecular weights that are water soluble can
move across membranes by dissolving in the fluids surrounding
the cell and then passing through the small openings. From high
to low concentration.
Absorption: Diffusion through lipids Correct Answers Cellular
membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer structure. They pass
through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid portion of the
membrane. These drugs still flow down a concentration
gradient.
Absorption: Nicotine Correct Answers Nicotine exists in
cigarette smoke in small particles.
When inhaled, these droplets are rapidly absorbed.
It is also absorbed from the GI tract, oral mucosa, and across the
skin.
Abuse Correct Answers Use/missuse
Abuser, addict, druggie, junkie Correct Answers Person with
SUD
Acetate Correct Answers (acetic acid) is further metabolized by
a number of tissues into carbon dioxide and water.
Acetylsalicylic acid Correct Answers A type of internal
analgesic and the generic name for Aspirin.
