NURSG 546 - Exam 4 Review
A 68-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with stiffness during activity, morning joint
pain, and crepitus on palpation. What is likely causing this patient's symptoms? -
ANS-osteoarthritis
A patient comes into the outpatient clinic complaining of leg pain that gets worse with exercise.
You also notice that they don't have hair on their lower limbs. What is most likely causing these
symptoms? - PAD-related ANS-intermittent claudication A patient with eczema and brownish
discoloration presents to the clinic with edema in the lower extremities. What is likely causing
these symptoms? - ANS-chronic venous insufficiency
A patient presents with morning stiffness that lasts for two hours, warm, tender, and swollen
fingers, and fatigue. The nurse believes this patient has rheumatoid arthritis (ANS). A patient
with hyperthyroidism enters the ER with tachycardia, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
ANS-thyroid storm is a likely cause of these symptoms. What are the five barriers to healthcare
access for older adults living in rural areas? - ANS -- transportation -limited access to healthcare
facilities/workers
-lack of quality healthcare
- Isolation from others -capacity restrictions What effects does aging have on drug metabolism?
ANS: brain receptors become more sensitive. -hepatic blood flow decreases
-a decrease in drug clearance by the kidneys -A modification in the medication's distribution as
a result of less adipose tissue How does parathyroid hormone increase serum calcium levels? -
ANS--stimulating bone resorption of calcium
- Calcium is reabsorbed by the renal tubules. -activation of vitamin D
ANS: In primary Addison's disease, there is decreased secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol),
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), and androgens, whereas in secondary, there is increased
secretion of glucocorticoids and androgens. ANS-24-hour urine cortisol (levels greater than
80-120 mcg/24 hours), midnight salivary cortisol, and a low-dose dexamethasone suppression
test are the methods used to diagnose Cushing's syndrome. ANS: intravenous fluids and
diuretics are used to flush out calcium, and biophosphonates are used to lower calcium levels
(remember that phosphate and calcium are oppositely related). How is hypothyroidism treated?
- ANS-levothyroxine (Synthroid)
- ANS-no specific test, based on the patient's history, physical exam, and laboratory results.
How is systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed? How should glucocorticoids be taken? -
ANS-2/3 in the morning and 1/3 in afternoon
If an older adult who needs assistance completing ADLs lives with an adult child who works
during the day, what would be a good care alternative? - ANS-adult day care
In what position should a patient be in postoperatively? - ANS-lateral or side-lying
Is osteoarthritis systemic? - ANS-no
Which autoimmune disorder is associated with ulnar drift and swan neck deformity? -
ANS-rheumatoid arthritis What are clinical manifestations of iodine toxicity? - ANS--swelling in
buccal mucosa
, -excessive salivation
-nausea
-vomiting
-skin reactions
What are typical manifestations of SLE? - ANS, or rash like a butterfly -arthritis
damage to the kidneys thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia What are some examples of
primary preventative measures against chronic diseases? - ANS—diet, exercise, vaccinations
What are important nursing care interventions postoperatively for a patient who underwent a
bypass graft? - ANS--skin color and temperature
-Refill of capillaries -presence of peripheral pulses distal to operative site
-extremity sensation and movement ANS-hyperthyroidism is one condition that is treated with
methimazole and PTU. What are risk factors for falls in older adults? - ANS--medications
-dehydration
-orthostatic hypotension
-infections
- imbalances in electrolytes What are symptoms related to relocation stress syndrome? -
ANS--disruption, confusion
-anxiety, sadness, and confusion What are the 7 tasks of chronic illness? - ANS--preventing
and managing a crisis
-carrying out prescribed treatment regimen
-controlling symptoms
-Rearranging time -adjusting to changes in the course of disease
-preventing social isolation
-making an effort to normalize interactions with other people What are the clinical
manifestations for DVT? - ANS--unilateral leg swelling/edema
-pain/tenderness
-venous distention
- unilateral leg erythema What clinical signs and symptoms does Conn's syndrome present? -
ANS—hypernatremia -hypertension
-headache
-hypokalemia (fatigue, muscle weakness, glucose intolerance, cardiac dysrhythmias)
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - ANS--exophthalmos
-fatigue, tremors, nervousness
-rapid pulse
-intolerance to heat -a greater desire to eat -weight loss
-dysrhythmias
What are the clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma? - ANS--skeletal pain
-osteoporosis
-hypocalcemia
-anemia
-neutropenia
-thrombocytopenia
-fractures
What are the clinical manifestations of PE? - ANS--varied and nonspecific
A 68-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with stiffness during activity, morning joint
pain, and crepitus on palpation. What is likely causing this patient's symptoms? -
ANS-osteoarthritis
A patient comes into the outpatient clinic complaining of leg pain that gets worse with exercise.
You also notice that they don't have hair on their lower limbs. What is most likely causing these
symptoms? - PAD-related ANS-intermittent claudication A patient with eczema and brownish
discoloration presents to the clinic with edema in the lower extremities. What is likely causing
these symptoms? - ANS-chronic venous insufficiency
A patient presents with morning stiffness that lasts for two hours, warm, tender, and swollen
fingers, and fatigue. The nurse believes this patient has rheumatoid arthritis (ANS). A patient
with hyperthyroidism enters the ER with tachycardia, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
ANS-thyroid storm is a likely cause of these symptoms. What are the five barriers to healthcare
access for older adults living in rural areas? - ANS -- transportation -limited access to healthcare
facilities/workers
-lack of quality healthcare
- Isolation from others -capacity restrictions What effects does aging have on drug metabolism?
ANS: brain receptors become more sensitive. -hepatic blood flow decreases
-a decrease in drug clearance by the kidneys -A modification in the medication's distribution as
a result of less adipose tissue How does parathyroid hormone increase serum calcium levels? -
ANS--stimulating bone resorption of calcium
- Calcium is reabsorbed by the renal tubules. -activation of vitamin D
ANS: In primary Addison's disease, there is decreased secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol),
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), and androgens, whereas in secondary, there is increased
secretion of glucocorticoids and androgens. ANS-24-hour urine cortisol (levels greater than
80-120 mcg/24 hours), midnight salivary cortisol, and a low-dose dexamethasone suppression
test are the methods used to diagnose Cushing's syndrome. ANS: intravenous fluids and
diuretics are used to flush out calcium, and biophosphonates are used to lower calcium levels
(remember that phosphate and calcium are oppositely related). How is hypothyroidism treated?
- ANS-levothyroxine (Synthroid)
- ANS-no specific test, based on the patient's history, physical exam, and laboratory results.
How is systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed? How should glucocorticoids be taken? -
ANS-2/3 in the morning and 1/3 in afternoon
If an older adult who needs assistance completing ADLs lives with an adult child who works
during the day, what would be a good care alternative? - ANS-adult day care
In what position should a patient be in postoperatively? - ANS-lateral or side-lying
Is osteoarthritis systemic? - ANS-no
Which autoimmune disorder is associated with ulnar drift and swan neck deformity? -
ANS-rheumatoid arthritis What are clinical manifestations of iodine toxicity? - ANS--swelling in
buccal mucosa
, -excessive salivation
-nausea
-vomiting
-skin reactions
What are typical manifestations of SLE? - ANS, or rash like a butterfly -arthritis
damage to the kidneys thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia What are some examples of
primary preventative measures against chronic diseases? - ANS—diet, exercise, vaccinations
What are important nursing care interventions postoperatively for a patient who underwent a
bypass graft? - ANS--skin color and temperature
-Refill of capillaries -presence of peripheral pulses distal to operative site
-extremity sensation and movement ANS-hyperthyroidism is one condition that is treated with
methimazole and PTU. What are risk factors for falls in older adults? - ANS--medications
-dehydration
-orthostatic hypotension
-infections
- imbalances in electrolytes What are symptoms related to relocation stress syndrome? -
ANS--disruption, confusion
-anxiety, sadness, and confusion What are the 7 tasks of chronic illness? - ANS--preventing
and managing a crisis
-carrying out prescribed treatment regimen
-controlling symptoms
-Rearranging time -adjusting to changes in the course of disease
-preventing social isolation
-making an effort to normalize interactions with other people What are the clinical
manifestations for DVT? - ANS--unilateral leg swelling/edema
-pain/tenderness
-venous distention
- unilateral leg erythema What clinical signs and symptoms does Conn's syndrome present? -
ANS—hypernatremia -hypertension
-headache
-hypokalemia (fatigue, muscle weakness, glucose intolerance, cardiac dysrhythmias)
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - ANS--exophthalmos
-fatigue, tremors, nervousness
-rapid pulse
-intolerance to heat -a greater desire to eat -weight loss
-dysrhythmias
What are the clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma? - ANS--skeletal pain
-osteoporosis
-hypocalcemia
-anemia
-neutropenia
-thrombocytopenia
-fractures
What are the clinical manifestations of PE? - ANS--varied and nonspecific
