Holt GNRS 582 Exam #3 - Pulmonary and
Cardiac Part 1 exam with correct answers
Base |excess |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--2 |to |+2 |mm |Eq/L
If |too |high |= |metabolic |alkalosis
If |too |low |= |metabolic |acidosis
Bradykinin |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Vasodilator
-Increases |capillary |permeability |and |constricts |smooth |muscle
Bradykinin |and |histamine |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Two |peptides |that |increase |capillary |permeability |
and |edema
bronchial |circulation |of |lungs |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--supplies |OXYGENATED |blood |to |conducting |
airways |and |supporting |structure |of |the |lungs
-provide |high |pressure, |low |volume |supply |to |all |lung |tissue |except |alveoli
Cor |pulmonale |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Right |ventricle |heart |failure |(hypertrophy |& |dilation) |
resulting |from |primary |lung |disease |or |pulmonary |hypertension |
2. |Failure |of |the |right |side |(right |ventricle) |of |the |heart |to |pump |a |sufficient |amount |of |blood |to |the |
lungs |because |of |underlying |lung |disease
cough |reflex |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-PRIMARY |DEFENSE |MECHANISM |of |respiratory |tract. |Protects |
from |irritating/dangerous |elements
Diffusion |is |influenced |by... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |SURFACE |AREA |available
2. |THICKNESS |of |alveolar |membrane
3. |DIFFERENCES |IN |PARTIAL |PRESSURE |of |gases |on |either |side |of |membrane
4. |diffusion |CHARACTERISTICS |OF |GASES
Dual |blood |supply |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Pulmonary |circulation |(gas |exchange |function) |LOW |
PRESSURE |SYSTEM
& |Bronchial |circulation |supplies |OXYGENATED |BLOOD
, Dyspnea |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-subjective |sensation |of |difficulty |breathing |
Shortness |of |breath
endothelial |damage |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Trauma |or |injury |to |a |blood |vessel
flail |chest |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-PARADOXICAL |CHEST |WALL |MOVEMENT
instability |of |the |chest |wall |resulting |from |multiple |rib |fractures.
HCO3- |(bicarbonate) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-22-26 |mEq/L
How |is |carbon |dioxide |carried? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-3 |forms:
1. |Bicarbonate |(60-90%)
2. |Carbominohemoglobin |(5-30%)
3. |Dissolved |CO2 |(5-10%)
How |is |oxygen |transported? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-2 |forms:
1. |Hemoglobin |transports |97% |of |O2 |(important |for |anemic |pts.)
2. |Physically |dissolved |in |Plasma
Hypercapnic |to |Hypoxemic |Respiratory |Failure |(RF) |- |causes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Upper |airway |
obstruction: |infection |(epiglottitis), |laryngospasm, |tumors |
2. |Weakness |or |paralysis |of |respiratory |muscles
Extra-pulmonary |causes: |
| a. |Brain |injury,
| b. |Drug |overdose |
| c. |Guillain-Barre
| d. |Muscular |dystrophy
| e. |Spinal |cord |injury
| f. |Chest |wall |injury
Hypercoagulability |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-is |an |abnormality |of |blood |coagulation |that |increases |the |
risk |of |thrombosis |(blood |clots |in |blood |vessels).
hypoventilation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-reduced |pulmonary |ventilation; |leads |to |an |increase |in |blood
|CO2 |concentration |if |ventilation |is |insufficient |to |expel |CO2 |as |fast |as |it |is |produced
Hypoxemia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-deficient |oxygen |in |the |blood
V |/ |Q |MISMATCH
Cardiac Part 1 exam with correct answers
Base |excess |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--2 |to |+2 |mm |Eq/L
If |too |high |= |metabolic |alkalosis
If |too |low |= |metabolic |acidosis
Bradykinin |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Vasodilator
-Increases |capillary |permeability |and |constricts |smooth |muscle
Bradykinin |and |histamine |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Two |peptides |that |increase |capillary |permeability |
and |edema
bronchial |circulation |of |lungs |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--supplies |OXYGENATED |blood |to |conducting |
airways |and |supporting |structure |of |the |lungs
-provide |high |pressure, |low |volume |supply |to |all |lung |tissue |except |alveoli
Cor |pulmonale |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Right |ventricle |heart |failure |(hypertrophy |& |dilation) |
resulting |from |primary |lung |disease |or |pulmonary |hypertension |
2. |Failure |of |the |right |side |(right |ventricle) |of |the |heart |to |pump |a |sufficient |amount |of |blood |to |the |
lungs |because |of |underlying |lung |disease
cough |reflex |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-PRIMARY |DEFENSE |MECHANISM |of |respiratory |tract. |Protects |
from |irritating/dangerous |elements
Diffusion |is |influenced |by... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |SURFACE |AREA |available
2. |THICKNESS |of |alveolar |membrane
3. |DIFFERENCES |IN |PARTIAL |PRESSURE |of |gases |on |either |side |of |membrane
4. |diffusion |CHARACTERISTICS |OF |GASES
Dual |blood |supply |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Pulmonary |circulation |(gas |exchange |function) |LOW |
PRESSURE |SYSTEM
& |Bronchial |circulation |supplies |OXYGENATED |BLOOD
, Dyspnea |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-subjective |sensation |of |difficulty |breathing |
Shortness |of |breath
endothelial |damage |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Trauma |or |injury |to |a |blood |vessel
flail |chest |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-PARADOXICAL |CHEST |WALL |MOVEMENT
instability |of |the |chest |wall |resulting |from |multiple |rib |fractures.
HCO3- |(bicarbonate) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-22-26 |mEq/L
How |is |carbon |dioxide |carried? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-3 |forms:
1. |Bicarbonate |(60-90%)
2. |Carbominohemoglobin |(5-30%)
3. |Dissolved |CO2 |(5-10%)
How |is |oxygen |transported? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-2 |forms:
1. |Hemoglobin |transports |97% |of |O2 |(important |for |anemic |pts.)
2. |Physically |dissolved |in |Plasma
Hypercapnic |to |Hypoxemic |Respiratory |Failure |(RF) |- |causes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Upper |airway |
obstruction: |infection |(epiglottitis), |laryngospasm, |tumors |
2. |Weakness |or |paralysis |of |respiratory |muscles
Extra-pulmonary |causes: |
| a. |Brain |injury,
| b. |Drug |overdose |
| c. |Guillain-Barre
| d. |Muscular |dystrophy
| e. |Spinal |cord |injury
| f. |Chest |wall |injury
Hypercoagulability |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-is |an |abnormality |of |blood |coagulation |that |increases |the |
risk |of |thrombosis |(blood |clots |in |blood |vessels).
hypoventilation |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-reduced |pulmonary |ventilation; |leads |to |an |increase |in |blood
|CO2 |concentration |if |ventilation |is |insufficient |to |expel |CO2 |as |fast |as |it |is |produced
Hypoxemia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-deficient |oxygen |in |the |blood
V |/ |Q |MISMATCH
