GNRS 582A Pathophysiology exam with
correct answers
pericardial |effusion |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-abnormal |fluid |accumulation |within |pericardial |sac
treatment |pericardial |effusion |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Pericardiocentesis |- |drain |fluid
Open |heart |surgery
Balloon |pericardium
Remove |pericardium
dilated |cardiomyopathy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |LVEDV |becomes |large, |exceeds |Frank-Starling |law
· |Heart |becomes |big |and |thin
· |Systolic |heart |failure
· |Poor |SV |and |CO
Ischemic |heart |failure
hypertrophic |cardiomyopathy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |becomes |very |thick
LVEDV |becomes |smaller
Sx: |systolic |ejection |murmur |that |increases |with |Valsalva
Diastolic |heart |failure; |decrease |ability |of |heart |to |fill
restrictive |cardiomyopathy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |does |not |expand |or |contract |easily
Restrictive |filling
Increased |ventricular |diastolic |pressures
Normal/near |normal |systolic |function
Normal/near |normal |wall |thickness
Affects |SV |which |affects |CO
decrease |in |SV |and |CO, |CHF |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-all |forms |of |cardio |myopathy |will |lead |to...
hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |Reversible
· |Physiological |response |to |increase |workload
· |Increased |muscle |mass |but |no |distortion |of |cardiac |architecture
, remodeling |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |Irreversible
· |Pathological |response |to |sustained |overload/demand
· |Fibrosis |(primary |protein |is |collagen) |off |interstitium |that |disrupts |the |integrity |of |muscle |cells
Results |in: |decrease |contractility, |increase |risk |of |ventricular |dilation/failure, |increase |risk |of |
arrhythmias
short |term |compensatory |mechanism |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |Increase |HR
· |Increase |SV |(preload, |afterload, |contractility)
short |to |long |term |compensatory |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |Hypertrophy |(reversible)
long |term |sustained |compensatory |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-remodeling |(irreversible)
stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-too |tight; |prevents |forward |flow
regurgitative |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-too |loose; |allows |backward |flow |of |blood
insufficiency, |incompetence
causes |of |aortic |stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Congenital |bicuspid |aortic |valve
Degeneration |with |aging, |valves |become |calcified
Inflammatory |damage |from |rheumatic |heart |failure
effects |after |valve |of |aortic |stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Poor |forward |flow
Decrease |CO
Decrease |pulse |pressure
Delayed |pulses
effects |before |valve |of |aortic |stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Left |ventricular |hypertrophy |à |left |
atrial |hypertrophy
symptoms |of |aortic |stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Angina
Hypotension
Syncope |(fainting)
Dizziness
Dyspnea |with |exercise
MI, |heart |failure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-if |aortic |stenosis |is |left |untreated |it |could |lead |to |...
mechanical |valve |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-anticoagulation |with |Coumadin
bioprosthetic |valve |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-use |of |ASA |and |plavix |for |6 |months
correct answers
pericardial |effusion |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-abnormal |fluid |accumulation |within |pericardial |sac
treatment |pericardial |effusion |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Pericardiocentesis |- |drain |fluid
Open |heart |surgery
Balloon |pericardium
Remove |pericardium
dilated |cardiomyopathy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |LVEDV |becomes |large, |exceeds |Frank-Starling |law
· |Heart |becomes |big |and |thin
· |Systolic |heart |failure
· |Poor |SV |and |CO
Ischemic |heart |failure
hypertrophic |cardiomyopathy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |becomes |very |thick
LVEDV |becomes |smaller
Sx: |systolic |ejection |murmur |that |increases |with |Valsalva
Diastolic |heart |failure; |decrease |ability |of |heart |to |fill
restrictive |cardiomyopathy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Muscle |does |not |expand |or |contract |easily
Restrictive |filling
Increased |ventricular |diastolic |pressures
Normal/near |normal |systolic |function
Normal/near |normal |wall |thickness
Affects |SV |which |affects |CO
decrease |in |SV |and |CO, |CHF |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-all |forms |of |cardio |myopathy |will |lead |to...
hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |Reversible
· |Physiological |response |to |increase |workload
· |Increased |muscle |mass |but |no |distortion |of |cardiac |architecture
, remodeling |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |Irreversible
· |Pathological |response |to |sustained |overload/demand
· |Fibrosis |(primary |protein |is |collagen) |off |interstitium |that |disrupts |the |integrity |of |muscle |cells
Results |in: |decrease |contractility, |increase |risk |of |ventricular |dilation/failure, |increase |risk |of |
arrhythmias
short |term |compensatory |mechanism |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |Increase |HR
· |Increase |SV |(preload, |afterload, |contractility)
short |to |long |term |compensatory |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-· |Hypertrophy |(reversible)
long |term |sustained |compensatory |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-remodeling |(irreversible)
stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-too |tight; |prevents |forward |flow
regurgitative |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-too |loose; |allows |backward |flow |of |blood
insufficiency, |incompetence
causes |of |aortic |stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Congenital |bicuspid |aortic |valve
Degeneration |with |aging, |valves |become |calcified
Inflammatory |damage |from |rheumatic |heart |failure
effects |after |valve |of |aortic |stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Poor |forward |flow
Decrease |CO
Decrease |pulse |pressure
Delayed |pulses
effects |before |valve |of |aortic |stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Left |ventricular |hypertrophy |à |left |
atrial |hypertrophy
symptoms |of |aortic |stenosis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Angina
Hypotension
Syncope |(fainting)
Dizziness
Dyspnea |with |exercise
MI, |heart |failure |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-if |aortic |stenosis |is |left |untreated |it |could |lead |to |...
mechanical |valve |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-anticoagulation |with |Coumadin
bioprosthetic |valve |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-use |of |ASA |and |plavix |for |6 |months
