GMS 6121 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Already Passed
Bacterial Structure - Answers -coccus
-rod (bacillus)
-spirochete
-vibrios
-filamentous
-coccobacilli
Functions of bacterial cell walls - Answers -prevent osmotic lysis
-protect cell from external stresses (host)
-contributes to virulence
-target for antimicrobials
Gram Negative Stain Color - Answers Pink/Red
Gram Positive Stain Color - Answers Blue/Purple
Acid Fast Stain Color - Answers Red on Blue
Wall-less Stain Color - Answers Does not stain — special stain required
Gm(+) Cell Structure - Answers -thick peptidoglycan cell wall
-single plasma membrane below wall
-cell wall layered with teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids
-resist lysis by host complement system, but still opsonized
Teichoic Acid Structure - Answers Ribitol or glycerol phosphate + side chains
Gm(-) Cell Structure - Answers -double plasma membranes (inner/outer)
-periplasmic space between membranes
-thin layer of peptidoglycan cell wall between membranes in periplasmic space
What are Gm(-) cells are targeted by? - Answers Polymyxins
Core oligosaccharide & Endotoxic LPS Component Recognized by TLR-4 - Answers Lipid A
, Unique C14 fatty acid components - Answers -beta-hydroxy myristic acid
-phosphates
-glucosamine
Unique components of lipid A - Answers KDO and heptose
LPS O-antigen - Answers -not always present, species dependent
-smooth LPS = O-antigen present
-rough LPS = no O-antigen present (lipooligosaccharide, LOS)
-repeating 3-5 sugars
-highly variable
-antigenic
Acid-fast Cell Structure - Answers -similar to Gm(+)
-cell wall composed of fatty acids and waxes that contribute to virulence
-hydrophobic components difficult to stain
-resistant to acid decolonization, retain stain
-multiple virulence factors
Main virulence factors of acid-fast bacteria - Answers -mycolic acid
-wax D
-cord factor
-arabinogalactans
-sulfolipids
(Mycobacterial VFs)
Wall-less Cell Structure - Answers -no peptidoglycan cell wall
-no outer cell membrane
-incorporates host cholesterol
Bacterial Structure - Answers -coccus
-rod (bacillus)
-spirochete
-vibrios
-filamentous
-coccobacilli
Functions of bacterial cell walls - Answers -prevent osmotic lysis
-protect cell from external stresses (host)
-contributes to virulence
-target for antimicrobials
Gram Negative Stain Color - Answers Pink/Red
Gram Positive Stain Color - Answers Blue/Purple
Acid Fast Stain Color - Answers Red on Blue
Wall-less Stain Color - Answers Does not stain — special stain required
Gm(+) Cell Structure - Answers -thick peptidoglycan cell wall
-single plasma membrane below wall
-cell wall layered with teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids
-resist lysis by host complement system, but still opsonized
Teichoic Acid Structure - Answers Ribitol or glycerol phosphate + side chains
Gm(-) Cell Structure - Answers -double plasma membranes (inner/outer)
-periplasmic space between membranes
-thin layer of peptidoglycan cell wall between membranes in periplasmic space
What are Gm(-) cells are targeted by? - Answers Polymyxins
Core oligosaccharide & Endotoxic LPS Component Recognized by TLR-4 - Answers Lipid A
, Unique C14 fatty acid components - Answers -beta-hydroxy myristic acid
-phosphates
-glucosamine
Unique components of lipid A - Answers KDO and heptose
LPS O-antigen - Answers -not always present, species dependent
-smooth LPS = O-antigen present
-rough LPS = no O-antigen present (lipooligosaccharide, LOS)
-repeating 3-5 sugars
-highly variable
-antigenic
Acid-fast Cell Structure - Answers -similar to Gm(+)
-cell wall composed of fatty acids and waxes that contribute to virulence
-hydrophobic components difficult to stain
-resistant to acid decolonization, retain stain
-multiple virulence factors
Main virulence factors of acid-fast bacteria - Answers -mycolic acid
-wax D
-cord factor
-arabinogalactans
-sulfolipids
(Mycobacterial VFs)
Wall-less Cell Structure - Answers -no peptidoglycan cell wall
-no outer cell membrane
-incorporates host cholesterol
