Pals HeartCode Combined Sets (Testbank)
Questions with correct verified detailed
answers latest update 2025-2026
75. What is the most accurate definition of shock?--- correct answer
--- inadequate tissue perfusion
76. What are typical clinical findings with compensated shock?---
correct answer --- Tachycardia Delayed capillary refill
Decreased urine output
77. Which interventions may be included in the management of
disordered control of breathing due to increased intracranial
pressure?--- correct answer --- Adequate oxy- genation and
ventilation
78. Hypotension in children is calculated as a systolic blood pressure
of less than 70 mm Hg plus 2 times the age in years.--- correct answer
---
79. What is included in the treatment of shock?--- correct answer ---
Optimizing oxygen content in the blood
80. What are the goals in treating shock?--- correct answer ---
Prevent progression to cardiac arrest
Improve oxygen delivery
Balance tissue perfusion and metabolic demand
,Support organ function
81. What is the preferred initial fluid for shock resuscitation?---
correct answer --- Isotonic crystal- loids
82. What are some common causes of hypovolemic shock?--- correct
answer --- Large burns Hemorrhage
Osmotic diuresis
83. What is a characteristic clinical finding associated with
hypovolemic shock?--- correct answer --- Tachypnea
84. As more time passes between the onset of signs of shock and the
restora- tion of adequate oxygen delivery and organ perfusion, the
outcome is .-
--- correct answer --- worse
85. Hypovolemic shock refers to a clinical state of--- correct answer
--- Reduced extravascular vol- ume
Reduced intravascular volume
86. Where may padding be required under when properly
positioning a child older than 2 years of age to maintain a patient
airway?--- correct answer --- The occiput
87. The infant is placed on the ambulance stretcher and responds
with a groan when stimulated. Her vital signs are HR 173/min, BP
58/38 mm Hg, RR 60/min, Spo2 92%, and temperature 36.3 Celsius.
,What are the appropriate next steps to treat this patient?--- correct
answer --- Establish IV/IO access Monitor heart rate, blood pressure,
and pulse oximetry
Monitor and support ABCs
Call for assistance if needed
88. What best assesses a child's response to each fluid bolus?---
correct answer --- Vital signs Physical examination
Urinary output
89. What should you use to begin fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic
shock?-
--- correct answer --- Isotonic crystalloids
90. What is the most common type of distributive shock?--- correct
answer --- Septic
91. What are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system?---
correct answer ---
92. What could be the reason a child with hypotensive shock does
not improve after at least 3 fluid boluses?--- correct answer --- The
initial assumption about the etiology may be incorrect.
93. Septic shock often develops over , while anaphylactic shock
may occur over .--- correct answer --- hours / minutes
94. For general shock management, administer an isotonic
crystalloid bolus of mL/kg over to minutes.--- correct
answer --- / 20
, 95. What treatment should be implemented if a child remains
hemodynamical- ly unstable despite 2 to 3 boluses of 20 mL/kg
isotonic crystalloids?--- correct answer --- Transfuse PRBCs
96. The infant is placed on the ambulance stretcher and responds
with a groan when stimulated. Her vital signs are HR 173/min, BP
58/38 mm Hg, RR 60/min, Spo2 92%, and temperature 36.3 Celsius
(97.3 Fahrenheit)
What are appropriate next steps to treat this patient?--- correct
answer --- Monitor and support ABCs Establish IV/IO access
Call for assistance if needed
Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry
97. What are the warning signs that the patient is progressing from
compen- sated shock to hypotensive shock?--- correct answer ---
Hypotension (late sign)
Increasing tachycardia
98. What should be included in the initial treatment for this
patient?--- correct answer --- Establish- ing IV/IO access
Rapid fluid bolus administration
99. What signs distinguish anaphylactic shock form other types of
shock?--- correct answer --- -
Angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, and tongue) Urticara (hives)
Respiratory distress with stridor, wheezing, or both
Questions with correct verified detailed
answers latest update 2025-2026
75. What is the most accurate definition of shock?--- correct answer
--- inadequate tissue perfusion
76. What are typical clinical findings with compensated shock?---
correct answer --- Tachycardia Delayed capillary refill
Decreased urine output
77. Which interventions may be included in the management of
disordered control of breathing due to increased intracranial
pressure?--- correct answer --- Adequate oxy- genation and
ventilation
78. Hypotension in children is calculated as a systolic blood pressure
of less than 70 mm Hg plus 2 times the age in years.--- correct answer
---
79. What is included in the treatment of shock?--- correct answer ---
Optimizing oxygen content in the blood
80. What are the goals in treating shock?--- correct answer ---
Prevent progression to cardiac arrest
Improve oxygen delivery
Balance tissue perfusion and metabolic demand
,Support organ function
81. What is the preferred initial fluid for shock resuscitation?---
correct answer --- Isotonic crystal- loids
82. What are some common causes of hypovolemic shock?--- correct
answer --- Large burns Hemorrhage
Osmotic diuresis
83. What is a characteristic clinical finding associated with
hypovolemic shock?--- correct answer --- Tachypnea
84. As more time passes between the onset of signs of shock and the
restora- tion of adequate oxygen delivery and organ perfusion, the
outcome is .-
--- correct answer --- worse
85. Hypovolemic shock refers to a clinical state of--- correct answer
--- Reduced extravascular vol- ume
Reduced intravascular volume
86. Where may padding be required under when properly
positioning a child older than 2 years of age to maintain a patient
airway?--- correct answer --- The occiput
87. The infant is placed on the ambulance stretcher and responds
with a groan when stimulated. Her vital signs are HR 173/min, BP
58/38 mm Hg, RR 60/min, Spo2 92%, and temperature 36.3 Celsius.
,What are the appropriate next steps to treat this patient?--- correct
answer --- Establish IV/IO access Monitor heart rate, blood pressure,
and pulse oximetry
Monitor and support ABCs
Call for assistance if needed
88. What best assesses a child's response to each fluid bolus?---
correct answer --- Vital signs Physical examination
Urinary output
89. What should you use to begin fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic
shock?-
--- correct answer --- Isotonic crystalloids
90. What is the most common type of distributive shock?--- correct
answer --- Septic
91. What are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system?---
correct answer ---
92. What could be the reason a child with hypotensive shock does
not improve after at least 3 fluid boluses?--- correct answer --- The
initial assumption about the etiology may be incorrect.
93. Septic shock often develops over , while anaphylactic shock
may occur over .--- correct answer --- hours / minutes
94. For general shock management, administer an isotonic
crystalloid bolus of mL/kg over to minutes.--- correct
answer --- / 20
, 95. What treatment should be implemented if a child remains
hemodynamical- ly unstable despite 2 to 3 boluses of 20 mL/kg
isotonic crystalloids?--- correct answer --- Transfuse PRBCs
96. The infant is placed on the ambulance stretcher and responds
with a groan when stimulated. Her vital signs are HR 173/min, BP
58/38 mm Hg, RR 60/min, Spo2 92%, and temperature 36.3 Celsius
(97.3 Fahrenheit)
What are appropriate next steps to treat this patient?--- correct
answer --- Monitor and support ABCs Establish IV/IO access
Call for assistance if needed
Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry
97. What are the warning signs that the patient is progressing from
compen- sated shock to hypotensive shock?--- correct answer ---
Hypotension (late sign)
Increasing tachycardia
98. What should be included in the initial treatment for this
patient?--- correct answer --- Establish- ing IV/IO access
Rapid fluid bolus administration
99. What signs distinguish anaphylactic shock form other types of
shock?--- correct answer --- -
Angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, and tongue) Urticara (hives)
Respiratory distress with stridor, wheezing, or both
