AACN CCRN Review Notes - CV I
Cardiac output -
☑️Amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute
4-8 L/min -
☑️Normal cardiac output
Heart rate and stroke volume -
☑️What is cardiac output determined by?
Decrease -
☑️Will bradycardia decrease or increase cardiac output?
Decrease -
☑️Will tachycardia decrease or increase cardiac output?
Less diastolic time for filling -
☑️Why does tachycardia decrease cardiac output?
20% -
☑️Lack of an atrial kick removes what percentage of stroke volume?
Preload, afterload, and contractility -
☑️What 3 things determine stroke volume?
Preload -
☑️The filling/stretching of the heart before it pumps
CVP or wedge pressure (PAOP) -
☑️What 2 things measure preload?
PAOP -
☑️Another name for wedge pressure
Afterload -
☑️The resistance the heart has to overcome to move blood
SVS or PVR -
☑️What 2 things measure afterload?
SV index or stroke work index -
☑️What 2 things measure contractility?
Yes -
☑️If the heart beats harder, does contractility increase?
Low -
1
, ☑️If you are dehydrated, is the preload high or low?
Increases -
☑️If you are dehydrated, the preload is low, the heart will compensate and increase heart
rate, and the afterload _____ to maintain CO
Swan-Ganz -
☑️Another name for PA catheters
Cardiac output -
☑️What does a PA catheter (Swan-Ganz) measure?
Pulmonary artery -
☑️Where does the tip of a PA catheter sit?
PA pressure -
☑️What does a PA catheter measure?
25/10 -
☑️What is a normal PA catheter pressure reading?
Pulmonary HTN -
☑️What does a high PA pressure mean?
Etiology in the lungs -
☑️Primary cause of a high PA pressure
Etiology in the heart -
☑️Secondary cause of a high PA pressure reading
Higher -
☑️If blood backed up in the heart, would it cause a higher or lower PA pressure?
Arterial -
☑️Which waveform does a PA catheter waveform resemble because they both have a
dichrotic notch, systole, and diastole?
Left atrial pressure -
☑️Wedging a PA catheter looks at _____ _____ _____
CVP -
☑️What does a PA wedge pressure waveform resemble?
PAOP -
☑️Approximation of L ventricular and end diastolic pressure
6-12 -
☑️Normal PAOP
Increased (because the patient has some measure of L ventricular failure/volume overload) -
2
Cardiac output -
☑️Amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute
4-8 L/min -
☑️Normal cardiac output
Heart rate and stroke volume -
☑️What is cardiac output determined by?
Decrease -
☑️Will bradycardia decrease or increase cardiac output?
Decrease -
☑️Will tachycardia decrease or increase cardiac output?
Less diastolic time for filling -
☑️Why does tachycardia decrease cardiac output?
20% -
☑️Lack of an atrial kick removes what percentage of stroke volume?
Preload, afterload, and contractility -
☑️What 3 things determine stroke volume?
Preload -
☑️The filling/stretching of the heart before it pumps
CVP or wedge pressure (PAOP) -
☑️What 2 things measure preload?
PAOP -
☑️Another name for wedge pressure
Afterload -
☑️The resistance the heart has to overcome to move blood
SVS or PVR -
☑️What 2 things measure afterload?
SV index or stroke work index -
☑️What 2 things measure contractility?
Yes -
☑️If the heart beats harder, does contractility increase?
Low -
1
, ☑️If you are dehydrated, is the preload high or low?
Increases -
☑️If you are dehydrated, the preload is low, the heart will compensate and increase heart
rate, and the afterload _____ to maintain CO
Swan-Ganz -
☑️Another name for PA catheters
Cardiac output -
☑️What does a PA catheter (Swan-Ganz) measure?
Pulmonary artery -
☑️Where does the tip of a PA catheter sit?
PA pressure -
☑️What does a PA catheter measure?
25/10 -
☑️What is a normal PA catheter pressure reading?
Pulmonary HTN -
☑️What does a high PA pressure mean?
Etiology in the lungs -
☑️Primary cause of a high PA pressure
Etiology in the heart -
☑️Secondary cause of a high PA pressure reading
Higher -
☑️If blood backed up in the heart, would it cause a higher or lower PA pressure?
Arterial -
☑️Which waveform does a PA catheter waveform resemble because they both have a
dichrotic notch, systole, and diastole?
Left atrial pressure -
☑️Wedging a PA catheter looks at _____ _____ _____
CVP -
☑️What does a PA wedge pressure waveform resemble?
PAOP -
☑️Approximation of L ventricular and end diastolic pressure
6-12 -
☑️Normal PAOP
Increased (because the patient has some measure of L ventricular failure/volume overload) -
2
