BIO 210 Final Exam Review
3 FUNCTIONAL classes of joints - ANS -Synarthrotic=Immovable (sutures)
Ampiarthrotic=Slightly Movable (pubic symphysis/vertebrae)
Diarthrotic= Freely Movable (Shoulder/Elbow)
\3 Structural classes of joints - ANS -Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
\4 most abundant elements in the body - ANS -Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
(C,H,O,N)
\7 levels of organization in the human body - ANS -from simplest, to most complex
Chemical Level
Organelle Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organism Level
\Absolute refractory period - ANS -during depolarization
2nd action potential can not form
all voltage gated channels are opened and destined to open
\Acid - ANS -A proton DONOR. A substance that dissociates in water, releasing "free" hydrogen
ions [H+]
acidic levels: pH of 0 - 7.3
\Action potential - ANS -all-or-none
long-range
electrical signals that are always maximum strength
\Anatomy - ANS -the study of the STRUCTURE of the body and the STRUCTURAL
relationships between its parts
\Anion - ANS -a negatively charged ion
\Any midsagittal structure is_____ to all structures on either side of it - ANS -medial
\Any structure closer to an outer surface is ____ to all structures deep to it - ANS -superficial
\Apocrine secretion - ANS -secretions are stored in the cell near the lumen. secratory product is
pinched off and joins secretions by a merocine process.
\Atomic Number - ANS -number of protons in an atom
\Atomic Weight - ANS -average of the mass numbers of all isotopes of an element
\Base - ANS -A proton ACCEPTOR. Substances the either accept H+, or release hydroxide ions
OH- into a solution... [OH-]
basic levels: pH of 7.5-14
\Buffer - ANS -Stabilize pH. a chemical that resists changes in pH when either an acid or a base
is added to a solution containing a buffer.
, \Cardiovascular System - ANS -Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones
throughout the body. plays a role in immune response and the regulation of body temperature.
Consists of:
heart
blood vessels
blood
\Cation - ANS -a positively charged ion
\Conscious experiences and actions on the left side of the body occur in which cerebral
hemisphere? - ANS -right hemisphere
\Cytology - ANS -the study of cells
\Define Extracellular Matrix - ANS -Nonliving chemical substances located between connective
tissues... ground substance an protein fibers
\Define Homeostasis - ANS -The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant
environment within the body.
\Depolarization - ANS -LEADS to action potential
Increased membrane permeability to Na+ and movement of Na+ into the cell. Activation gates
of Na+ channels open
\Diffusion - ANS -the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
\Digestive System - ANS -Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion,
absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
Consists of:
mouth
esophagus
stomach
intestines
rectum
gallbladder
appendix
\Endocrine System - ANS -A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth,
reproduction, and many other functions.
Consists of:
pituitary gland
pineal body
hypothalamus
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus
adrenals
ovaries
pancreas
\Female Reproductive System - ANS -Produces oocytes and the site of fertilization and fetal
development. produces milk for the newborns. produces hormones that influence sexual
behaviors and functions.
3 FUNCTIONAL classes of joints - ANS -Synarthrotic=Immovable (sutures)
Ampiarthrotic=Slightly Movable (pubic symphysis/vertebrae)
Diarthrotic= Freely Movable (Shoulder/Elbow)
\3 Structural classes of joints - ANS -Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
\4 most abundant elements in the body - ANS -Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
(C,H,O,N)
\7 levels of organization in the human body - ANS -from simplest, to most complex
Chemical Level
Organelle Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organism Level
\Absolute refractory period - ANS -during depolarization
2nd action potential can not form
all voltage gated channels are opened and destined to open
\Acid - ANS -A proton DONOR. A substance that dissociates in water, releasing "free" hydrogen
ions [H+]
acidic levels: pH of 0 - 7.3
\Action potential - ANS -all-or-none
long-range
electrical signals that are always maximum strength
\Anatomy - ANS -the study of the STRUCTURE of the body and the STRUCTURAL
relationships between its parts
\Anion - ANS -a negatively charged ion
\Any midsagittal structure is_____ to all structures on either side of it - ANS -medial
\Any structure closer to an outer surface is ____ to all structures deep to it - ANS -superficial
\Apocrine secretion - ANS -secretions are stored in the cell near the lumen. secratory product is
pinched off and joins secretions by a merocine process.
\Atomic Number - ANS -number of protons in an atom
\Atomic Weight - ANS -average of the mass numbers of all isotopes of an element
\Base - ANS -A proton ACCEPTOR. Substances the either accept H+, or release hydroxide ions
OH- into a solution... [OH-]
basic levels: pH of 7.5-14
\Buffer - ANS -Stabilize pH. a chemical that resists changes in pH when either an acid or a base
is added to a solution containing a buffer.
, \Cardiovascular System - ANS -Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones
throughout the body. plays a role in immune response and the regulation of body temperature.
Consists of:
heart
blood vessels
blood
\Cation - ANS -a positively charged ion
\Conscious experiences and actions on the left side of the body occur in which cerebral
hemisphere? - ANS -right hemisphere
\Cytology - ANS -the study of cells
\Define Extracellular Matrix - ANS -Nonliving chemical substances located between connective
tissues... ground substance an protein fibers
\Define Homeostasis - ANS -The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant
environment within the body.
\Depolarization - ANS -LEADS to action potential
Increased membrane permeability to Na+ and movement of Na+ into the cell. Activation gates
of Na+ channels open
\Diffusion - ANS -the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration
\Digestive System - ANS -Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion,
absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
Consists of:
mouth
esophagus
stomach
intestines
rectum
gallbladder
appendix
\Endocrine System - ANS -A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth,
reproduction, and many other functions.
Consists of:
pituitary gland
pineal body
hypothalamus
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus
adrenals
ovaries
pancreas
\Female Reproductive System - ANS -Produces oocytes and the site of fertilization and fetal
development. produces milk for the newborns. produces hormones that influence sexual
behaviors and functions.
