BIO 210 - Chapter 3
Anaphase - ANS --the chromatids separate and each chromatid is then referred to as a
chromosome
-the chromosomes, assisted by the spindle fibers, move toward the centrioles at each end of the
cell
\Antiport - ANS -when two substances are moved in the opposite direction
\Aquaporins - ANS -channels in membranes for water to pass through; usually only used for
large amounts of water
\ATP-powered pumps - ANS -move ions or molecules against their concentration gradient using
the energy from ATP
\Attached ribosomes - ANS -ribosomes that are part of a network of membranes called the
rough endoplasmic reticulum and they produce proteins that are secreted from the cell
\Attachment proteins - ANS -proteins that allow cells to attach to other cells
\Carrier proteins - ANS -bind to ions or molecules and transport them across the membrane
\Cellular organelles - ANS -each performs specific functions
\Centrioles - ANS -cylindrical organelles located in the centrosomes
\Centrosome - ANS -a specialized zone of the cytoplasm; the site of microtubule formation
\Channel proteins - ANS -proteins that form membrane channels (ion channels) for specific ions
to pass through
ex: sodium channels, potassium channels
\Chloesterol - ANS -embedded between phospholipid molecules; gives membrane strength and
rigidity
\Chromatin - ANS -loosely arranged strands of DNA not visible under the microscope
\Cilia - ANS -hair-like projections that move substance across the surface of cells
\Cleavage furrow - ANS -indentation that forms between the two new cells during cytokinesis
\Concentration gradient - ANS -the concentration difference of a substance across a membrane
\Crenation - ANS -the shriveling of a red blood cell when put in a hypertonic solution
\Cytokineses - ANS -splitting of the cytoplasm
\Cytoplasm - ANS -the material between the plasma membrane and nucleus
\Cytoplasmic inclusions - ANS -aggregates of chemicals either produced by the cell or taken in
by the cell
\Cytosol (intracellular fluid) - ANS -supports the cell and enables cell movements
\Differentation - ANS -process by which cells develop specialized structures and functions
\Diffusion - ANS -movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration until equilibrium is reached
\Endocytosis - ANS -the movement of materials into cells by formation of a vescicle
\Endoplasmic reticulum - ANS -series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that extend from
the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm
\Enzymes - ANS -proteins that catalyze chemical reactions
\Exocytosis - ANS -the secretion of materials from cells by vesicle formation
\Extracellular (intercellular) - ANS -between cells also called interstitial fluid
Anaphase - ANS --the chromatids separate and each chromatid is then referred to as a
chromosome
-the chromosomes, assisted by the spindle fibers, move toward the centrioles at each end of the
cell
\Antiport - ANS -when two substances are moved in the opposite direction
\Aquaporins - ANS -channels in membranes for water to pass through; usually only used for
large amounts of water
\ATP-powered pumps - ANS -move ions or molecules against their concentration gradient using
the energy from ATP
\Attached ribosomes - ANS -ribosomes that are part of a network of membranes called the
rough endoplasmic reticulum and they produce proteins that are secreted from the cell
\Attachment proteins - ANS -proteins that allow cells to attach to other cells
\Carrier proteins - ANS -bind to ions or molecules and transport them across the membrane
\Cellular organelles - ANS -each performs specific functions
\Centrioles - ANS -cylindrical organelles located in the centrosomes
\Centrosome - ANS -a specialized zone of the cytoplasm; the site of microtubule formation
\Channel proteins - ANS -proteins that form membrane channels (ion channels) for specific ions
to pass through
ex: sodium channels, potassium channels
\Chloesterol - ANS -embedded between phospholipid molecules; gives membrane strength and
rigidity
\Chromatin - ANS -loosely arranged strands of DNA not visible under the microscope
\Cilia - ANS -hair-like projections that move substance across the surface of cells
\Cleavage furrow - ANS -indentation that forms between the two new cells during cytokinesis
\Concentration gradient - ANS -the concentration difference of a substance across a membrane
\Crenation - ANS -the shriveling of a red blood cell when put in a hypertonic solution
\Cytokineses - ANS -splitting of the cytoplasm
\Cytoplasm - ANS -the material between the plasma membrane and nucleus
\Cytoplasmic inclusions - ANS -aggregates of chemicals either produced by the cell or taken in
by the cell
\Cytosol (intracellular fluid) - ANS -supports the cell and enables cell movements
\Differentation - ANS -process by which cells develop specialized structures and functions
\Diffusion - ANS -movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration until equilibrium is reached
\Endocytosis - ANS -the movement of materials into cells by formation of a vescicle
\Endoplasmic reticulum - ANS -series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that extend from
the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm
\Enzymes - ANS -proteins that catalyze chemical reactions
\Exocytosis - ANS -the secretion of materials from cells by vesicle formation
\Extracellular (intercellular) - ANS -between cells also called interstitial fluid
