Medical-Surgical Nursing questions and answers (chapter 1-20)

Chapter 1: Nursing in a Changing Healthcare Environment Section 1: Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following trends is a primary driver of the shift from acute care to community-based care in the healthcare system? a) Increased focus on specialized surgical procedures. b) Rising healthcare costs and emphasis on prevention. c) Decline in chronic illnesses among the population. d) Shortage of nurses in hospital settings. 2. A nurse is caring for a patient who has been hospitalized multiple times for uncontrolled diabetes. The nurse recognizes that this patient's experience highlights the importance of which healthcare delivery component? a) Emphasis on inpatient rehabilitation. b) Need for comprehensive care coordination. c) Sole reliance on emergency department services. d) Prioritizing tertiary prevention strategies. 3. Which of the following statements best describes the concept of "pay-for-performance" in healthcare? a) Healthcare providers are reimbursed based on the volume of services provided. b) Hospitals receive a fixed payment for each patient regardless of services rendered. c) Reimbursement is linked to the quality and outcomes of care delivered. d) Patients pay a higher premium for access to specialized services. 4. A nurse is working in a Magnet-recognized hospital. Which characteristic is primarily associated with Magnet status? a) Lower patient-to-nurse ratios. b) Strong focus on physician leadership. c) Empowered nurses who excel in clinical practice. d) Exclusive use of electronic health records. 5. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, "The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health," emphasized which key recommendation for nursing practice? a) Nurses should be restricted to bedside care only. b) Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training. c) The nursing workforce should be reduced to cut costs. d) Focus should be solely on acute care settings. Section 2: True/False 1. True/False: Telehealth technologies primarily benefit urban populations due to better internet access. 2. True/False: Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) are designed to improve care coordination and reduce costs for defined patient populations. 3. True/False: The role of the medical-surgical nurse is becoming increasingly specialized, focusing on a single body system. Section 3: Short Answer/Fill-in-the-Blank 1. List three key roles that the medical-surgical nurse performs in the current healthcare environment. 2. The increasing prevalence of ___________ illnesses is a significant factor driving the need for chronic disease management and care coordination. 3. Define the term "health disparities" and provide one example. Chapter 2: Health Education and Health Promotion Section 1: Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is the primary goal of health education? a) To dictate specific health behaviors to individuals. b) To enable individuals to make informed decisions about health. c) To ensure compliance with medical treatments. d) To reduce the need for professional healthcare services. 2. A nurse is teaching a patient about managing their new diagnosis of hypertension. The patient states, "I don't think I can stick to a low-sodium diet, I love salty foods too much." According to the Health Belief Model, which construct is this patient expressing? a) Perceived susceptibility. b) Perceived benefits. c) Perceived barriers. d) Cues to action. 3. During a health promotion program, a nurse emphasizes the importance of regular exercise to a group of older adults. This intervention is an example of which level of prevention? a) Primary prevention. b) Secondary prevention. c) Tertiary prevention. d) Quaternary prevention. 4. Which teaching strategy would be most effective for a patient with a low literacy level who needs to learn about wound care? a) Providing a detailed written instruction booklet. b) Using simple language, visual aids, and demonstrations. c) Recommending complex medical websites for further information. d) Relying solely on verbal instructions without repetition. 5. A nurse is planning a teaching session for a patient scheduled for surgery. When assessing the patient's readiness to learn, which factor is most important to consider? a) The patient's educational background. b) The presence of pain or anxiety. c) The family's involvement in care. d) The availability of community resources. Section 2: True/False 1. True/False: Learning readiness is primarily determined by the patient's intellectual capacity. 2. True/False: Health promotion activities are solely the responsibility of the public health nurse. 3. True/False: For patient education to be effective, it should be a one-time event shortly after diagnosis. Section 3: Short Answer/Fill-in-the-Blank 1. List three essential qualities of an effective nurse educator. 2. The ability of an individual to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions is known as ___________. 3. Describe the difference between health education and health promotion. STOP! Before you look at the answers, try to answer them yourself! Answers to Chapter 1 & 2 Practice Questions Chapter 1: Nursing in a Changing Healthcare Environment Section 1: Multiple Choice 1. b) Rising healthcare costs and emphasis on prevention. (These drive the need for more efficient and proactive care models outside of expensive inpatient settings.) 2. b) Need for comprehensive care coordination. (Frequent hospitalizations suggest a lack of effective management and coordination of care in the community.) 3. c) Reimbursement is linked to the quality and outcomes of care delivered. (This aims to incentivize better patient care and efficiency.) 4. c) Empowered nurses who excel in clinical practice. (Magnet status recognizes nursing excellence, shared governance, and positive patient outcomes.) 5. b) Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training. (Key recommendations included increasing BSN-prepared nurses, encouraging advanced degrees, and removing practice barriers.) Section 2: True/False 1. False. Telehealth benefits both urban and rural populations, especially rural areas where access to specialized care may be limited. 2. True. ACOs are groups of providers who work together to coordinate care for Medicare patients, aiming to improve quality and reduce costs. 3. False. The medical-surgical nurse's role is becoming broader and more generalized, requiring expertise across various body systems and complex patient needs, often involving care coordination and health education. Section 3: Short Answer/Fill-in-the-Blank 1. Three key roles of the medical-surgical nurse (any three of the