TEST BANK for Human Learning
8th Edition Ormrod,CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER091
PERSPECTIVES09ON09LEARNING
Multiple09Choice09Questions
Human09beings09undoubtedly09learn09more09during09the09course09of09a09life
time09than09any09other09species09on09earth.09The09major09result09of09this09cap
acity09to09learn09is09that:
New09instincts09begin09to09emerge.
Human09thought09becomes09less09logical09with09each09generati
on.09Humans09can09benefit09from09their09experiences.
Humans09are09the09only09species09whose09behavior09cannot09be09analy
zed09in09terms09of09stimuli09and09responses.
Three09of09the09following09are09examples09of09learning.09Which09one09is09not?
Abigail09cries09when09she09steps09on09a09sharp09pebble.
After09many09hours09of09heated09debate,09Brian09begins09to09ad
vocate09political09practices09he09has09previously09opposed.
Cara09suddenly09recognizes09how09the09division09fact09―2409’09409=096
‖09is09related09to09the09multiplication09fact09―609x09409=0924.‖
David09has09been09running09away09from09German09shepherds09ever09si
nce09he09was09bitten09by09a09German09shepherd09two09years09ago.
Reynelda09has09trouble09tracing09a09complex09shape09with09a09pencil09when0
9she09is09in09kindergarten,09but09she09can09do09it09quite09well09by09the09time09she
09is09in09second09grade.09Is09this09an09instance09of09learning?
Yes,09because09her09behavior09has09changed.
No,09because09the09circumstances09are09too09dissimilar.
Maybe,09although09the09change09may09simply09be09due09to09ph
ysiological09maturation.
Maybe,09but09only09if09she09is09being09reinforced09for09tracing09accurately.
2
, Chapter09109–
09Perspectives09on09Learning
Three09vof09vthe09vfollowing09villustrate09vvarious09vways09vthat09vlearning09vmight0 9 v0 9 be
vreflected09vin09va09vperson‘s09vbehavior.09vWhich09vone09vof09vthe09vfollowing09
vchanges09vdoes09vnot09vnecessarily09vreflect09vlearning?
Although09vit‘s09va09vschool09vnight,09vDean09vplays09vvideo09vgames09vun
til09vwell09vpast09vhisvusual09vbedtime.09vAs09vhe09vbecomes09vmore09vtir
ed,09vhe09vfinds09vit09vincreasingly09vdifficult09vto09vconcentrate09von09v
what09vhe‘s09vdoing.
Even09vas09va09vyoung09vchild,09vJerry09vcould09vtell09vyou09vthat09vhi
s09vgrandparents09vimmigrated09vto09vthe09vUnited09vStates09vfrom09vI
reland.09vBut09vafter09va09vconversation09vwith09vhis09vgrandmother,09v
he09vcan09vnow09vdescribe09vthe09vcircumstances09vof09vthe09vfamily‘
s09vimmigration09vin09vconsiderable09vdetail.
Day0 9 vafter0 9 vday,0 9 vMartin0 9 vpractices0 9 vhis0 9 vbasketball0 9 vskills0 9 v0 9 (shooting,
vdribbling,09vetc.)09von09va09vbasketball09vcourt09vat09va09vlocal09vpark.09v
With09veach09vpractice09vsession,09vhis09vmovements09vbecome09vfaster09
vand09vsmoother.
Lewis09voccasionally09vasks09vfor09vhelp09vwhen09vhe09vhas09vdifficulty09vwi
th09vhis09vclasswork,09vbut09vmost09vof09vthe09vtime09vhe09vjust09vstruggles09v
quietly09von09vhis09vown.09vAfter09vhis09vteacher09vassures09vhim09vthat09vask
ing09vfor09vhelp09vis09vnot09va09vsign09vof09vweakness09vor09vinability,09vhe09
vbegins09vasking09vfor09vhelp09vmuch09vmore09vfrequently.
v
research09vexamines09vlearning09vin09vtightly09vcontrolled09vsettings09van
d09v research09vexamines09vlearning09vin09vreal-world09vsettings.
Applied;09vBasic09vB
asic;09vQualitative09v
Qualitative;09vApplie
dvBasic;09vApplied
A09vprinciple09vof09vlearning09vcan09vbest09vbe09vcharacterized09vas:
A09vdescription09vof09vthe09vresults09vof09va09vparticular09vresearch09vstudy
A09vstatement09vthat09vdescribes09vhow09va09vparticular09vfactor09vaffects09vl
earning09The09vmeasurement09vof09vhow09vmuch09vlearning09vhas09voccur
red
vin09vavparticular09vsituation
An09vexplanation09vof09vthe09vunderlying09vprocesses09vthrough09vwhich09vlearning09voccurs
A09vtheory09vof09vlearning09vcan09vbest09vbe09vcharacterized09vas:
A09vdescription09vof09vthe09vresults09vof09va09vparticular09vresearch09vstudy
A09vstatement09vthat09vdescribes09vhow09va09vparticular09vfactor09vaffects09vl
earning09The09vmeasurement09vof09vhow09vmuch09vlearning09vhas09voccur
red
vin09vavparticular09vsituation
3
, Chapter09109–
An09vexplanation09vof09vthe09vunderlying09vprocesses 09vthrough
09Perspectives 09on0909vwhich09vlearning09voccurs
Learning
4
8th Edition Ormrod,CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER091
PERSPECTIVES09ON09LEARNING
Multiple09Choice09Questions
Human09beings09undoubtedly09learn09more09during09the09course09of09a09life
time09than09any09other09species09on09earth.09The09major09result09of09this09cap
acity09to09learn09is09that:
New09instincts09begin09to09emerge.
Human09thought09becomes09less09logical09with09each09generati
on.09Humans09can09benefit09from09their09experiences.
Humans09are09the09only09species09whose09behavior09cannot09be09analy
zed09in09terms09of09stimuli09and09responses.
Three09of09the09following09are09examples09of09learning.09Which09one09is09not?
Abigail09cries09when09she09steps09on09a09sharp09pebble.
After09many09hours09of09heated09debate,09Brian09begins09to09ad
vocate09political09practices09he09has09previously09opposed.
Cara09suddenly09recognizes09how09the09division09fact09―2409’09409=096
‖09is09related09to09the09multiplication09fact09―609x09409=0924.‖
David09has09been09running09away09from09German09shepherds09ever09si
nce09he09was09bitten09by09a09German09shepherd09two09years09ago.
Reynelda09has09trouble09tracing09a09complex09shape09with09a09pencil09when0
9she09is09in09kindergarten,09but09she09can09do09it09quite09well09by09the09time09she
09is09in09second09grade.09Is09this09an09instance09of09learning?
Yes,09because09her09behavior09has09changed.
No,09because09the09circumstances09are09too09dissimilar.
Maybe,09although09the09change09may09simply09be09due09to09ph
ysiological09maturation.
Maybe,09but09only09if09she09is09being09reinforced09for09tracing09accurately.
2
, Chapter09109–
09Perspectives09on09Learning
Three09vof09vthe09vfollowing09villustrate09vvarious09vways09vthat09vlearning09vmight0 9 v0 9 be
vreflected09vin09va09vperson‘s09vbehavior.09vWhich09vone09vof09vthe09vfollowing09
vchanges09vdoes09vnot09vnecessarily09vreflect09vlearning?
Although09vit‘s09va09vschool09vnight,09vDean09vplays09vvideo09vgames09vun
til09vwell09vpast09vhisvusual09vbedtime.09vAs09vhe09vbecomes09vmore09vtir
ed,09vhe09vfinds09vit09vincreasingly09vdifficult09vto09vconcentrate09von09v
what09vhe‘s09vdoing.
Even09vas09va09vyoung09vchild,09vJerry09vcould09vtell09vyou09vthat09vhi
s09vgrandparents09vimmigrated09vto09vthe09vUnited09vStates09vfrom09vI
reland.09vBut09vafter09va09vconversation09vwith09vhis09vgrandmother,09v
he09vcan09vnow09vdescribe09vthe09vcircumstances09vof09vthe09vfamily‘
s09vimmigration09vin09vconsiderable09vdetail.
Day0 9 vafter0 9 vday,0 9 vMartin0 9 vpractices0 9 vhis0 9 vbasketball0 9 vskills0 9 v0 9 (shooting,
vdribbling,09vetc.)09von09va09vbasketball09vcourt09vat09va09vlocal09vpark.09v
With09veach09vpractice09vsession,09vhis09vmovements09vbecome09vfaster09
vand09vsmoother.
Lewis09voccasionally09vasks09vfor09vhelp09vwhen09vhe09vhas09vdifficulty09vwi
th09vhis09vclasswork,09vbut09vmost09vof09vthe09vtime09vhe09vjust09vstruggles09v
quietly09von09vhis09vown.09vAfter09vhis09vteacher09vassures09vhim09vthat09vask
ing09vfor09vhelp09vis09vnot09va09vsign09vof09vweakness09vor09vinability,09vhe09
vbegins09vasking09vfor09vhelp09vmuch09vmore09vfrequently.
v
research09vexamines09vlearning09vin09vtightly09vcontrolled09vsettings09van
d09v research09vexamines09vlearning09vin09vreal-world09vsettings.
Applied;09vBasic09vB
asic;09vQualitative09v
Qualitative;09vApplie
dvBasic;09vApplied
A09vprinciple09vof09vlearning09vcan09vbest09vbe09vcharacterized09vas:
A09vdescription09vof09vthe09vresults09vof09va09vparticular09vresearch09vstudy
A09vstatement09vthat09vdescribes09vhow09va09vparticular09vfactor09vaffects09vl
earning09The09vmeasurement09vof09vhow09vmuch09vlearning09vhas09voccur
red
vin09vavparticular09vsituation
An09vexplanation09vof09vthe09vunderlying09vprocesses09vthrough09vwhich09vlearning09voccurs
A09vtheory09vof09vlearning09vcan09vbest09vbe09vcharacterized09vas:
A09vdescription09vof09vthe09vresults09vof09va09vparticular09vresearch09vstudy
A09vstatement09vthat09vdescribes09vhow09va09vparticular09vfactor09vaffects09vl
earning09The09vmeasurement09vof09vhow09vmuch09vlearning09vhas09voccur
red
vin09vavparticular09vsituation
3
, Chapter09109–
An09vexplanation09vof09vthe09vunderlying09vprocesses 09vthrough
09Perspectives 09on0909vwhich09vlearning09voccurs
Learning
4
