NU 372 Exam 2 Questions with correct
answers
Immune |System |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Protects |the |body |against |invasion |of |antigen |(foreign
|substance |that |triggers |an |immune |response)
-It |identifies |and |destroys |potentially |harmful |cell |and |remove |cellular |debris.
-*Nonspecific:* |skin, |cilia, |stomach |acid
-*Specific*: |B |and |T |cells
-Antibody |and |Cell |mediated |immune |response
Natural |immunity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Native/Innate
-Present |at |birth. |Provides |*nonspecific |response* |to |any |foreign |invader
-*White |blood |cell |action*: |release |cell |mediators |such |as |*histamine, |bradykinin, |and |prostaglandins*
|and |engulf |(*phagocytize*) |foreign |substances
-*Inflammatory* |response
-Physical |barriers, |such |as |*intact |skin*, |*chemical |barriers*, |and |*acidic |gastric |secretions* |or
|*enzymes |in |tears |and |saliva*
Acquired |immunity |(Adaptive) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Gained |after |birth. |*Specific* |response |against
|a |foreign |antigen.
-Result |of |*prior |exposure* |to |an |antigen
-Active |or |passive
Active: |exposure |through |disease |or |vaccination. |Antibodies |produced |in |own |body |(example:
|immunizations, |common |cold). |Lasts |many |years; |may |last |a |lifetime
Active |immunity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--exposure |through |*disease |or |vaccination* |
-Antibodies |produced |in |own |body |(example: |*immunizations, |common |cold*)
-Lasts |*many |years*; |may |last |a |lifetime
,*Natural |active |immunity:* |antibodies |produced |after |recovery |from |illness
*Artificial |active |immunity*: |antibodies |produced |as |a |result |of |vaccination
Passive |immunity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Receive |antibodies |from |*another |person*
-*Mom |to |baby, |blood |products* |(immunoglobulin |infusion, |IVIG).
-Results |from |transfer |of |a |source |outside |of |the |body |that |has |developed |immunity |through |previous
|disease |or |immunization
-*Temporary*
*Natural |Passive |Immunity*: |antibodies |obtained |from |mother |to |baby |through |breast |milk |or
|placenta
*Artificial |passive |immunity*: |antibodies |obtained |through |injection |of |serum
Tissues |of |Immune |System |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-*Bone |marrow*: |Where |the |formation |of
|lymphocytes: |B |and |T |cells |happen.
*B |cells*: |divide |into |cells |that |will |*produce |antibodies* |for |a |specific |antigen |
-(antibodies=molecules |that |will |bind |to |an |antigen |and |inactivate |it |also |known |as |immunoglobulins).
|
-Mature |in |the |*bone |marrow |and |spleen* |(produce |antibodies |for |a |specific |antigen). |
-B |lymphocytes |mature |in |the |*bone |marrow*
*T |cells:* |work |with |the |*cell |mediated |immunity* |so |it |does |not |involve |antibodies. |
-works |with |the |activation |of |different |types |of |cells |(cytotoxic |T |lymphocytes |and |macrophages)
|which |are |going |to |destroy |viruses, |intracellular |bacteria |and |cancer
-Mature |in |the |*thymus* |(cell |mediated |immunity- |activates |cytotoxic |and |macrophages |to |destroy
|cells |ex. |Cancer |cells)
*Leukocytes |(WBC)*: |primary |cells |in |*specific |and |nonspecific |response*
-Come |from |Stem |cells |in |bone |marrow. |
-Bone |Marrow |releases |WBC |and |increases |production |of |WBC
, -*leukocytosis*: |increased |WBC |count
-*Neutropenia*: |decreased |WBC
-*Normal |WBC |4.5-10*
-Divided |into |granulocytes |(neutrophils, |eosinophils, |basophils), |monocytes |(macrophages), |and
|lymphocytes |(T |and |B |cells, |natural |killer |cells)
*Lymphoid |tissue*: |where |some |B |and |T |cells |are |stored |and |they |monitor |for |antigens |ex. |*spleen
|and |lymph |nodes* |
-*Lymph |Nodes*: |Where |some |B |and |T |cells |are |stored |and |monitor |for |any |antigens.
-*Spleen:* |is |a |lymphatic |organ |where |blood |is |filtered, |B |and |T |cells |monitor |for |antigens/pathogens
|there.
*Thymus*: |generates |T |cells
Phagocytic |immune |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-WBCs |ingest |foreign |particles |and |destroy
|invading |agents
Humoral |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Antibody |response
-Antigen |recognition: |*B |lymphocytes |respond |to |antigens* |by |triggering |*antibody |formation*
Cellular |immune |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-T |lymphocytes; |cytotoxic |killer |cells
IgG |antibodies |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Primary |immunoglobulin |in |the |blood
-Coats |antigen |for |more |effective |and |efficient |presentation |for |an |immune |response; |binds |to
|macrophages |and |neutrophils |for |increased |phagocytosis
-Remembers |which |germs |you've |been |exposed |to; |if |that |germ |(virus |or |bacteria) |enters |your |body
|IgG |activates |cells |to |destroy |it |(phagocytosis)
-*Delayed |response*: |takes |a |few |weeks |after |the |introduction |of |a |germ |for |this |to |work |(ex. |3 |week
|infection) |
-protects |*body |fluids*
-protection |after |*immunization* |from |things |like |*measles, |mumps, |and |rubella*
answers
Immune |System |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Protects |the |body |against |invasion |of |antigen |(foreign
|substance |that |triggers |an |immune |response)
-It |identifies |and |destroys |potentially |harmful |cell |and |remove |cellular |debris.
-*Nonspecific:* |skin, |cilia, |stomach |acid
-*Specific*: |B |and |T |cells
-Antibody |and |Cell |mediated |immune |response
Natural |immunity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Native/Innate
-Present |at |birth. |Provides |*nonspecific |response* |to |any |foreign |invader
-*White |blood |cell |action*: |release |cell |mediators |such |as |*histamine, |bradykinin, |and |prostaglandins*
|and |engulf |(*phagocytize*) |foreign |substances
-*Inflammatory* |response
-Physical |barriers, |such |as |*intact |skin*, |*chemical |barriers*, |and |*acidic |gastric |secretions* |or
|*enzymes |in |tears |and |saliva*
Acquired |immunity |(Adaptive) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Gained |after |birth. |*Specific* |response |against
|a |foreign |antigen.
-Result |of |*prior |exposure* |to |an |antigen
-Active |or |passive
Active: |exposure |through |disease |or |vaccination. |Antibodies |produced |in |own |body |(example:
|immunizations, |common |cold). |Lasts |many |years; |may |last |a |lifetime
Active |immunity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--exposure |through |*disease |or |vaccination* |
-Antibodies |produced |in |own |body |(example: |*immunizations, |common |cold*)
-Lasts |*many |years*; |may |last |a |lifetime
,*Natural |active |immunity:* |antibodies |produced |after |recovery |from |illness
*Artificial |active |immunity*: |antibodies |produced |as |a |result |of |vaccination
Passive |immunity |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Receive |antibodies |from |*another |person*
-*Mom |to |baby, |blood |products* |(immunoglobulin |infusion, |IVIG).
-Results |from |transfer |of |a |source |outside |of |the |body |that |has |developed |immunity |through |previous
|disease |or |immunization
-*Temporary*
*Natural |Passive |Immunity*: |antibodies |obtained |from |mother |to |baby |through |breast |milk |or
|placenta
*Artificial |passive |immunity*: |antibodies |obtained |through |injection |of |serum
Tissues |of |Immune |System |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-*Bone |marrow*: |Where |the |formation |of
|lymphocytes: |B |and |T |cells |happen.
*B |cells*: |divide |into |cells |that |will |*produce |antibodies* |for |a |specific |antigen |
-(antibodies=molecules |that |will |bind |to |an |antigen |and |inactivate |it |also |known |as |immunoglobulins).
|
-Mature |in |the |*bone |marrow |and |spleen* |(produce |antibodies |for |a |specific |antigen). |
-B |lymphocytes |mature |in |the |*bone |marrow*
*T |cells:* |work |with |the |*cell |mediated |immunity* |so |it |does |not |involve |antibodies. |
-works |with |the |activation |of |different |types |of |cells |(cytotoxic |T |lymphocytes |and |macrophages)
|which |are |going |to |destroy |viruses, |intracellular |bacteria |and |cancer
-Mature |in |the |*thymus* |(cell |mediated |immunity- |activates |cytotoxic |and |macrophages |to |destroy
|cells |ex. |Cancer |cells)
*Leukocytes |(WBC)*: |primary |cells |in |*specific |and |nonspecific |response*
-Come |from |Stem |cells |in |bone |marrow. |
-Bone |Marrow |releases |WBC |and |increases |production |of |WBC
, -*leukocytosis*: |increased |WBC |count
-*Neutropenia*: |decreased |WBC
-*Normal |WBC |4.5-10*
-Divided |into |granulocytes |(neutrophils, |eosinophils, |basophils), |monocytes |(macrophages), |and
|lymphocytes |(T |and |B |cells, |natural |killer |cells)
*Lymphoid |tissue*: |where |some |B |and |T |cells |are |stored |and |they |monitor |for |antigens |ex. |*spleen
|and |lymph |nodes* |
-*Lymph |Nodes*: |Where |some |B |and |T |cells |are |stored |and |monitor |for |any |antigens.
-*Spleen:* |is |a |lymphatic |organ |where |blood |is |filtered, |B |and |T |cells |monitor |for |antigens/pathogens
|there.
*Thymus*: |generates |T |cells
Phagocytic |immune |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-WBCs |ingest |foreign |particles |and |destroy
|invading |agents
Humoral |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Antibody |response
-Antigen |recognition: |*B |lymphocytes |respond |to |antigens* |by |triggering |*antibody |formation*
Cellular |immune |response |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-T |lymphocytes; |cytotoxic |killer |cells
IgG |antibodies |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Primary |immunoglobulin |in |the |blood
-Coats |antigen |for |more |effective |and |efficient |presentation |for |an |immune |response; |binds |to
|macrophages |and |neutrophils |for |increased |phagocytosis
-Remembers |which |germs |you've |been |exposed |to; |if |that |germ |(virus |or |bacteria) |enters |your |body
|IgG |activates |cells |to |destroy |it |(phagocytosis)
-*Delayed |response*: |takes |a |few |weeks |after |the |introduction |of |a |germ |for |this |to |work |(ex. |3 |week
|infection) |
-protects |*body |fluids*
-protection |after |*immunization* |from |things |like |*measles, |mumps, |and |rubella*
