HOSA-BIOTECHNOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 3
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
genome
all genes contained in the DNA of human cells
fermentation
process where some strains of yeast decompose sugars to derive energy, and in the process
ethanol is produced as a waste product
antibiotics
substances produced by microorganisms that will inhibit the growth of other microorganisms
recombinant DNA technology
used to produce many proteins of medical importance including insulin, human growth hormone,
and blood-clotting factors
recombinant proteins
produced by gene-cloning techniques involving the transfer genes from one organism to another
gene therapy
an approach to employ the treatment and cure for human disease conditions
pathogens
organisms that cause disease
symbionts
organisms that live in intimate contact with their host to mutually benefit both
bacteria
large group of unicellular organisms that scientists loosely group as Gram-negative and Gram-
positive
, archaea
group of unicellular organisms that evolved along with bacteria; thrive in very hot or acidic
conditions
eukaryotic microorganisms
structurally diverse group that includes protists, algae and fungi that have a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
protists
eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi
virus
smaller than bacteria and not alive on their own- they must infect a host to survive because they
lack the machinery to produce proteins and catalyze reactions themselves
metabolism
how an organism gets energy from its environment and the waste it produces as a result
genotype
the genetic makeup of a microbial stain
phenotype
the observable traits of a microbe due to the constellation of genes and environmental factors
plant transgenesis
the direct transfer of genes to plants- allows for innovations impossible to achieve with
conventional hybridization
protoplast fusion
protoplast can be fused with another protoplast from a different species, creating a cell that can
grow into a hybrid plant
Ti plasmid
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
genome
all genes contained in the DNA of human cells
fermentation
process where some strains of yeast decompose sugars to derive energy, and in the process
ethanol is produced as a waste product
antibiotics
substances produced by microorganisms that will inhibit the growth of other microorganisms
recombinant DNA technology
used to produce many proteins of medical importance including insulin, human growth hormone,
and blood-clotting factors
recombinant proteins
produced by gene-cloning techniques involving the transfer genes from one organism to another
gene therapy
an approach to employ the treatment and cure for human disease conditions
pathogens
organisms that cause disease
symbionts
organisms that live in intimate contact with their host to mutually benefit both
bacteria
large group of unicellular organisms that scientists loosely group as Gram-negative and Gram-
positive
, archaea
group of unicellular organisms that evolved along with bacteria; thrive in very hot or acidic
conditions
eukaryotic microorganisms
structurally diverse group that includes protists, algae and fungi that have a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
protists
eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi
virus
smaller than bacteria and not alive on their own- they must infect a host to survive because they
lack the machinery to produce proteins and catalyze reactions themselves
metabolism
how an organism gets energy from its environment and the waste it produces as a result
genotype
the genetic makeup of a microbial stain
phenotype
the observable traits of a microbe due to the constellation of genes and environmental factors
plant transgenesis
the direct transfer of genes to plants- allows for innovations impossible to achieve with
conventional hybridization
protoplast fusion
protoplast can be fused with another protoplast from a different species, creating a cell that can
grow into a hybrid plant
Ti plasmid
