NR 565 Pharm Midterm
Adrenergic agonists - ANS-Drugs that stimulate and mimic the actions of the sympathetic
nervous system. Also known as sympathomimetics Adrenergic Antagonist - ANS-A drug that
blocks the actions of the sympathetic nervous system.
Alpha 1 Antagonist - ANS-Decreases arterial and venous vasoconstriction
Lowers blood pressure and aids in blood pressure relief; diuretics may be required. -osin
alpha 2 agonists, or ANS, reduce the flow of sympathetic impulses from the central nervous
system to the heart and arteries, resulting in vasodilation. Lowers blood pressure, diuretic may
be needed
Guanabenz, methyldopa, and clonodine SE: weight gain, dry mouth, and retention of urine.
alpha and beta adrenergic antagonists (ANS) lower blood pressure and slow the progression of
heart failure. epinephrine, labetalol, and carvedilol Anorexiants - ANS-drugs that suppress the
activity of the brain's appetite center, causing reduced food intake
phendimetrazine tartrate, benzphetamine, diethylpropion HCL, phentermine, lorcaserin
Seizures can be prevented or controlled with ANS. gabapentin, phenytoin, and clonazepam
Aspirin - ANS-Antiplatelet for theumatic fever, tias, coronary artery disease, DVT, decrease MI,
fever, mild pain
can cause stomach irritation/ulcer, do not give to children with flu-like/chicken pox because of
reye syndrome
Atypical antipsychotics, also known as ANS, are antipsychotics that do not cause significant
adverse effects like older antipsychotics do. Agranulocytosis is fatal, has EPS, but less than
other types, and does not involve alcohol. Olanzapine (obesity), Clozapine (agranulocytosis),
Respiradone (increase prolactin)
Barbiturates - ANS-drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing
anxiety but impairing memory and judgment, treat epilepsy, seizures, insomnia
do not suddenly discontinue, CNS depression does occur, decreases many other medications
such as beta blockers
pentobarbital, -barbital etc
Benzodiazepines—Diazepam, Midazolam, and Zolazepam—are hypnotics. Potentiates the
inhibitory action of GABA. The receptor is activated, which results in a movement of Cl- ions
into the neuron, hyperpolarization, and inhibition of membrane depolarization. addicting
The most widely used class of antianxiety medications is the benzodiazepine (ANS) class,
which increases GABA and reduces neuronal excitation. do not mix with cns depressive agents
Valium, xanax, ativan
Beta 1 antagonist (ANS) affects the heart muscle and prevents the SA node's receptors from
working to reduce heart rate and contractility. Reduces bp, reduces arrethymias, decreases
angina incidences
Metoprolol
antagonist of beta 2 - ANS-Lowers bp affects the lungs and causes bronchial constriction;
asthmatics should avoid it. Propranolol
, Beta adrenergic antagonists - ANS-drugs that block beta-adrenergic receptors; may be
nonselective or selective; also called beta blockers
Teaching points for beta blockers: ANS-Keep an eye on the bp/hr so it isn't too low. report
difficulty breathing or wheezing
Centrally acting muscle relaxants - ANS-Relieves skeletal muscle spasm in: spinal cord injury,
multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy
sedative effect, serotonin syndrome possible, do not take with MAO inhibitors
cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, baclofen, carisoprodol, chloraxazone
Cholinergic agonists - ANS-drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, mimic
acetylcholine
Cholinergic blockers - ANS-Treats parkinsons, bladder overactivity, EPS, N/V from motion
sickness, IBS adjunct therapy
Cogentin, Artane, Symmertrel, Atropine,
Cholinesterase inhibitors - ANS-A class of drugs to treat people with dementia that help
increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain, also used for myasthenia gravis
Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine
CYP2C9 - ANS: Lower the dose of warfarin. Test for gene VCORC1 mutation
CYP2D6 - ANS: SSRI, beta blocker, and other medication dosages must be increased.
Codeine can be dangerous. CYP3A4 - ANS-Decreases elimination
Increase toxicity of Amio
Direct-acting antispasmotics - ANS-Treats spasticity with upper neuron disorders, spinal cord
injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, ms
effects calcium, botox inhibits acetylcholine release
dantrolene titrated specially, no CNS depressing drugs, botox can have deadly respiratory
response
Botulinum toxin type A (also known as Botox) and dantroline sodium (Dantrium) Dopaminergics
- ANS-Treat parkinsons by enhancing dopamine
do not give to schizophrenic patients
levodopa (sinemet)
stand up slowly, inhibited by protein
Drugs that affect GABA - ANS-treats neuropathic pain and migraines
eliminated by urine
must be tapered off, suicidal risk, drowsiness, topiramate watch for decreased sweating
benzodiazepines, gabapentin, topiramate, tiagabine
General Algorithm for the Treatment of Adults with Anxiety Disorders - ANS-Screen for anxiety
disorders, look at other medical issues, start an SSRI/SNRI, refer them to a mental health
provider for therapy, if lack of response send them to psychiatric provider
How to diagnose major depression episode - ANS-2 week period of depressed mood or
anhedonia (loss of pleasure)
Also has to include one of these: significant weight change, sleep patterns are off, fatigue, loss
of energy, feelings of worthlessness, excessive guilt, thoughts of death
Hydantoins - ANS-Inhibit and stabilize electrical discharges in the brain by effecting sodium
ions influx during depolarization and repolarization, slows down abnormal discharges
Adrenergic agonists - ANS-Drugs that stimulate and mimic the actions of the sympathetic
nervous system. Also known as sympathomimetics Adrenergic Antagonist - ANS-A drug that
blocks the actions of the sympathetic nervous system.
Alpha 1 Antagonist - ANS-Decreases arterial and venous vasoconstriction
Lowers blood pressure and aids in blood pressure relief; diuretics may be required. -osin
alpha 2 agonists, or ANS, reduce the flow of sympathetic impulses from the central nervous
system to the heart and arteries, resulting in vasodilation. Lowers blood pressure, diuretic may
be needed
Guanabenz, methyldopa, and clonodine SE: weight gain, dry mouth, and retention of urine.
alpha and beta adrenergic antagonists (ANS) lower blood pressure and slow the progression of
heart failure. epinephrine, labetalol, and carvedilol Anorexiants - ANS-drugs that suppress the
activity of the brain's appetite center, causing reduced food intake
phendimetrazine tartrate, benzphetamine, diethylpropion HCL, phentermine, lorcaserin
Seizures can be prevented or controlled with ANS. gabapentin, phenytoin, and clonazepam
Aspirin - ANS-Antiplatelet for theumatic fever, tias, coronary artery disease, DVT, decrease MI,
fever, mild pain
can cause stomach irritation/ulcer, do not give to children with flu-like/chicken pox because of
reye syndrome
Atypical antipsychotics, also known as ANS, are antipsychotics that do not cause significant
adverse effects like older antipsychotics do. Agranulocytosis is fatal, has EPS, but less than
other types, and does not involve alcohol. Olanzapine (obesity), Clozapine (agranulocytosis),
Respiradone (increase prolactin)
Barbiturates - ANS-drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing
anxiety but impairing memory and judgment, treat epilepsy, seizures, insomnia
do not suddenly discontinue, CNS depression does occur, decreases many other medications
such as beta blockers
pentobarbital, -barbital etc
Benzodiazepines—Diazepam, Midazolam, and Zolazepam—are hypnotics. Potentiates the
inhibitory action of GABA. The receptor is activated, which results in a movement of Cl- ions
into the neuron, hyperpolarization, and inhibition of membrane depolarization. addicting
The most widely used class of antianxiety medications is the benzodiazepine (ANS) class,
which increases GABA and reduces neuronal excitation. do not mix with cns depressive agents
Valium, xanax, ativan
Beta 1 antagonist (ANS) affects the heart muscle and prevents the SA node's receptors from
working to reduce heart rate and contractility. Reduces bp, reduces arrethymias, decreases
angina incidences
Metoprolol
antagonist of beta 2 - ANS-Lowers bp affects the lungs and causes bronchial constriction;
asthmatics should avoid it. Propranolol
, Beta adrenergic antagonists - ANS-drugs that block beta-adrenergic receptors; may be
nonselective or selective; also called beta blockers
Teaching points for beta blockers: ANS-Keep an eye on the bp/hr so it isn't too low. report
difficulty breathing or wheezing
Centrally acting muscle relaxants - ANS-Relieves skeletal muscle spasm in: spinal cord injury,
multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy
sedative effect, serotonin syndrome possible, do not take with MAO inhibitors
cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, baclofen, carisoprodol, chloraxazone
Cholinergic agonists - ANS-drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, mimic
acetylcholine
Cholinergic blockers - ANS-Treats parkinsons, bladder overactivity, EPS, N/V from motion
sickness, IBS adjunct therapy
Cogentin, Artane, Symmertrel, Atropine,
Cholinesterase inhibitors - ANS-A class of drugs to treat people with dementia that help
increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain, also used for myasthenia gravis
Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine
CYP2C9 - ANS: Lower the dose of warfarin. Test for gene VCORC1 mutation
CYP2D6 - ANS: SSRI, beta blocker, and other medication dosages must be increased.
Codeine can be dangerous. CYP3A4 - ANS-Decreases elimination
Increase toxicity of Amio
Direct-acting antispasmotics - ANS-Treats spasticity with upper neuron disorders, spinal cord
injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, ms
effects calcium, botox inhibits acetylcholine release
dantrolene titrated specially, no CNS depressing drugs, botox can have deadly respiratory
response
Botulinum toxin type A (also known as Botox) and dantroline sodium (Dantrium) Dopaminergics
- ANS-Treat parkinsons by enhancing dopamine
do not give to schizophrenic patients
levodopa (sinemet)
stand up slowly, inhibited by protein
Drugs that affect GABA - ANS-treats neuropathic pain and migraines
eliminated by urine
must be tapered off, suicidal risk, drowsiness, topiramate watch for decreased sweating
benzodiazepines, gabapentin, topiramate, tiagabine
General Algorithm for the Treatment of Adults with Anxiety Disorders - ANS-Screen for anxiety
disorders, look at other medical issues, start an SSRI/SNRI, refer them to a mental health
provider for therapy, if lack of response send them to psychiatric provider
How to diagnose major depression episode - ANS-2 week period of depressed mood or
anhedonia (loss of pleasure)
Also has to include one of these: significant weight change, sleep patterns are off, fatigue, loss
of energy, feelings of worthlessness, excessive guilt, thoughts of death
Hydantoins - ANS-Inhibit and stabilize electrical discharges in the brain by effecting sodium
ions influx during depolarization and repolarization, slows down abnormal discharges
