Bios 252: Exam 2 Review
Abducens Nerve (VI) - ANSLateral eye movement (motor)
Accessory Nerve (XI) - ANSswallowing, head, neck, and shoulder movements (motor)
Somatic motor neurons with anterior horns whose axons exit the cord via ventral roots
Arachnoid Mater - ANSMiddle layer of the meninges
Ascending Pathway of spinal cord - ANSCarries signals to the brain
The oldest and most fundamental part of the brain, the brainstem (ANS) is in charge of
automatic survival functions. Cerebellum - ANSA large structure of the hindbrain that
controls fine motor skills. (Balance and coordination)
Cerebrum - ANSLargest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision,
speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
Corpus Callosum - ANSA thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres
and acts as a communication link between them.
Which cranial nerve will affect digestion, urination, and bowel movements if it is damaged? -
ANSVagus Nerve (X) Define the term spinal reflex, explain organization of a simple stretch
reflex, and use patella reflex as an example. - ANSSpinal reflex is an involuntary reflex that
occurs within the spinal cord. Stretch reflex: when a muscle is stretched, it "fights back" and
contracts. (Monosynaptic: One synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons)
Descending Pathway of spinal cord - ANSCarries signals to and from the brain
Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System - ANSSympathetic and parasympathetic
Dorsal Root Ganglion - ANSA nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of afferent
spinal nerve neurons
Dura Mater - ANSOutermost layer of the meninges
Explain language: include description of two major languages of the brain and where they're
located. What do they accomplish? - ANSThe two major language centers of the brain are
the Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is located in the left hemisphere of the
frontal lobe and controls speech production. Wernicke's area is also located in the left
hemisphere, but on the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus of the brain.
Wernicke's area works to comprehend speech.
Facial Nerve (VII) - ANS
Frontal Lobe - ANSThe lobe at the front of the brain associated with movement, speech,
and impulsive behavior.
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) - ANS A cranial nerve in the throat that controls both motor
and sensory functions Gray Mater - ANSthe darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord,
consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites. (unmyelinated)
How does the left and right hemispheres of the brain connect? - ANSCorpus Callosum
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) - ANSmotor: muscles of the tongue
Hypothalamus - ANSMajor control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine
system that lies below the thalamus. It directs several maintenance activities (eating,
drinking, body temperature)
- Essential role in homeostatic regulation of all body systems.
Connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland through the infundibulum - ANS Lobes of
the brain - ANSFour lobes: Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe
Abducens Nerve (VI) - ANSLateral eye movement (motor)
Accessory Nerve (XI) - ANSswallowing, head, neck, and shoulder movements (motor)
Somatic motor neurons with anterior horns whose axons exit the cord via ventral roots
Arachnoid Mater - ANSMiddle layer of the meninges
Ascending Pathway of spinal cord - ANSCarries signals to the brain
The oldest and most fundamental part of the brain, the brainstem (ANS) is in charge of
automatic survival functions. Cerebellum - ANSA large structure of the hindbrain that
controls fine motor skills. (Balance and coordination)
Cerebrum - ANSLargest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision,
speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
Corpus Callosum - ANSA thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres
and acts as a communication link between them.
Which cranial nerve will affect digestion, urination, and bowel movements if it is damaged? -
ANSVagus Nerve (X) Define the term spinal reflex, explain organization of a simple stretch
reflex, and use patella reflex as an example. - ANSSpinal reflex is an involuntary reflex that
occurs within the spinal cord. Stretch reflex: when a muscle is stretched, it "fights back" and
contracts. (Monosynaptic: One synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons)
Descending Pathway of spinal cord - ANSCarries signals to and from the brain
Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System - ANSSympathetic and parasympathetic
Dorsal Root Ganglion - ANSA nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of afferent
spinal nerve neurons
Dura Mater - ANSOutermost layer of the meninges
Explain language: include description of two major languages of the brain and where they're
located. What do they accomplish? - ANSThe two major language centers of the brain are
the Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is located in the left hemisphere of the
frontal lobe and controls speech production. Wernicke's area is also located in the left
hemisphere, but on the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus of the brain.
Wernicke's area works to comprehend speech.
Facial Nerve (VII) - ANS
Frontal Lobe - ANSThe lobe at the front of the brain associated with movement, speech,
and impulsive behavior.
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) - ANS A cranial nerve in the throat that controls both motor
and sensory functions Gray Mater - ANSthe darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord,
consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites. (unmyelinated)
How does the left and right hemispheres of the brain connect? - ANSCorpus Callosum
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) - ANSmotor: muscles of the tongue
Hypothalamus - ANSMajor control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine
system that lies below the thalamus. It directs several maintenance activities (eating,
drinking, body temperature)
- Essential role in homeostatic regulation of all body systems.
Connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland through the infundibulum - ANS Lobes of
the brain - ANSFour lobes: Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe
