C181 WGU Exam Questions with Complete Solutions 100% Solved| Grade A+
Griswold v. Connecticut The Supreme Court ruled that a state's ban on the use of
contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy.
Roe v. Wade U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the U.S. Constitution protects
a pregnant woman's liberty to choose to have an abortion without excessive government
restriction.
Lawrence v. Texas Court overturned a Texas anti-sodomy law as a violation of the right to
privacy and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In Lawrence v. Texas
(2003), the Supreme Court ruled that state laws banning homosexual sodomy are
unconstitutional as a violation of the right to privacy.
equality of opportunity giving people an equal chance to succeed
equality of outcome Greater uniformity in social, economic, and political power among
different social groups.
What are black codes? laws that greatly limited the freedom of African Americans
Dred Scott A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin
Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long
residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so
he had no rights.
separate but equal doctrine Equal protection under the laws to all citizens.
Plessy v. Ferguson It stated that segregation in public facilities did not violate the
Consitution, or the equality rights principles introduced by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth
Amendments, as long as such facilities were equal in quality.
, Brown v. Board of Education U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American
state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the
segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.
de facto segregation De facto segregation refers to racial segregation that is not supported
by law, but engaged in nonetheless. ... For instance, even if a school district does not separate
students according to race, schools in different areas of the district may have more students of
one race than others.
de jure segregation racial segregation enforced by law.
Rosa Parks United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a
white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born
in 1913)
24th Amendment Banne poll taxes in primary and genral elections for national office.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 1964; banned discrimination in public acomodations, prohibited
discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment;
enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and
the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-
protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal
Voting Rights Act of 1965 empowered the attorney general to send voter registration
supervisors to areas in which fewer than half the eligable minority voters had been registered.
Fair Housing Act of 1968 banned discrimination in the rental or sale of housing
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that
a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race.
Griswold v. Connecticut The Supreme Court ruled that a state's ban on the use of
contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy.
Roe v. Wade U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the U.S. Constitution protects
a pregnant woman's liberty to choose to have an abortion without excessive government
restriction.
Lawrence v. Texas Court overturned a Texas anti-sodomy law as a violation of the right to
privacy and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In Lawrence v. Texas
(2003), the Supreme Court ruled that state laws banning homosexual sodomy are
unconstitutional as a violation of the right to privacy.
equality of opportunity giving people an equal chance to succeed
equality of outcome Greater uniformity in social, economic, and political power among
different social groups.
What are black codes? laws that greatly limited the freedom of African Americans
Dred Scott A black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin
Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists, he sued for freedom on the basis of his long
residence on free soil. The ruling on the case was that He was a black slave and not a citizen, so
he had no rights.
separate but equal doctrine Equal protection under the laws to all citizens.
Plessy v. Ferguson It stated that segregation in public facilities did not violate the
Consitution, or the equality rights principles introduced by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth
Amendments, as long as such facilities were equal in quality.
, Brown v. Board of Education U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American
state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the
segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.
de facto segregation De facto segregation refers to racial segregation that is not supported
by law, but engaged in nonetheless. ... For instance, even if a school district does not separate
students according to race, schools in different areas of the district may have more students of
one race than others.
de jure segregation racial segregation enforced by law.
Rosa Parks United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a
white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born
in 1913)
24th Amendment Banne poll taxes in primary and genral elections for national office.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 1964; banned discrimination in public acomodations, prohibited
discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment;
enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and
the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-
protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal
Voting Rights Act of 1965 empowered the attorney general to send voter registration
supervisors to areas in which fewer than half the eligable minority voters had been registered.
Fair Housing Act of 1968 banned discrimination in the rental or sale of housing
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that
a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race.
