WGU-C181 Exam Questions with Complete Solutions 100% Solved| Grade A+
Chapter 1 Vocabulary
1. Explain how equality of opportunity, equality of outcome, and political equality differ.
Provide examples. • Equality of Opportunity- Same chance to succeed. School, employment.
• Equality of Outcome- Same outcome for work. Equal pay, Healthcare.
• Political Equality- Have a voice. Vote, Run for office.
2. Identify and describe the major purposes of government. Which are most controversial and
why? Order, Freedom and Equality for all. Order is the biggest issue without giving up
freedom.
3. How do the terms libertarianism, liberalism, and liberals differ?
libertarianism • Wants mainly freedom with little law & order and equality
liberalism • Wants a balance of freedom, equality and law & order.
liberals • wants mainly equality with little law & order and freedom
how they (libertarianism, liberalism, and liberals) similar and differ? • They understand
Freedom, Law & Order and Equality are needed. It is the amount of each that separates them.
• Libertarianism draws on liberty as its root (following Locke) and means "absence of
governmental constraint."
Libertarianism
• Libertarianism opposes all government action except what is necessary to protect life and
property.
• Libertarians grudgingly recognize the necessity of government but believe that it should be as
limited as possible and should not promote either order or equality. For example, libertarians
, grant the need for traffic laws to ensure safe and efficient automobile travel. But they oppose
laws requiring motorcycle riders to wear helmets, and the libertarian ethos in New Hampshire
keeps it the only state not requiring seat belts.
• Libertarians believe that social programs that provide food, clothing, and shelter are outside
the proper scope of government. Helping the needy, they insist, should be a matter of
individual choice.
• Libertarians also oppose government ownership of basic industries; in fact, they oppose any
government intervention in the economy
Do not confuse libertarians with liberals—or with liberalism, the John Locke- inspired doctrine
mentioned earlier. The words are similar, but their meanings are quite different. Libertarianism
draws on liberty as its root (following Locke) and means "absence of governmental constraint."
While both liberalism and libertarianism leave citizens free to pursue their private goals,
libertarianism treats freedom as a pure goal; it's liberalism on steroids. In American political
usage, liberalism evolved from the root word liberal in the sense of "freely," like a liberal
serving of butter. Liberals see a positive role for government in helping the disadvantaged. Over
time, liberal has come to mean something closer to generous, in the sen
6. Discuss how anarchism, liberalism, and totalitarianism each views the role of government
Anarchism • total freedom. Law of the Jungle.
• 0% governmentt.
• Laisser Faire.
• Not applicable.
Totalitarianism (Germany under Hitler and the Soviet Union under Stalin.)
• is the belief that government should have unlimited power. A totalitarian government
controls all sectors of society: business, labor, education, religion, sports, and the arts. A true
totalitarian favors a network of laws, rules, and regulations that guides every aspect of
individual behavior.
Liberalism • Power of the people to change laws. 1. wants freedom, kn ows laws are
needed, wants everyone equal.
Chapter 1 Vocabulary
1. Explain how equality of opportunity, equality of outcome, and political equality differ.
Provide examples. • Equality of Opportunity- Same chance to succeed. School, employment.
• Equality of Outcome- Same outcome for work. Equal pay, Healthcare.
• Political Equality- Have a voice. Vote, Run for office.
2. Identify and describe the major purposes of government. Which are most controversial and
why? Order, Freedom and Equality for all. Order is the biggest issue without giving up
freedom.
3. How do the terms libertarianism, liberalism, and liberals differ?
libertarianism • Wants mainly freedom with little law & order and equality
liberalism • Wants a balance of freedom, equality and law & order.
liberals • wants mainly equality with little law & order and freedom
how they (libertarianism, liberalism, and liberals) similar and differ? • They understand
Freedom, Law & Order and Equality are needed. It is the amount of each that separates them.
• Libertarianism draws on liberty as its root (following Locke) and means "absence of
governmental constraint."
Libertarianism
• Libertarianism opposes all government action except what is necessary to protect life and
property.
• Libertarians grudgingly recognize the necessity of government but believe that it should be as
limited as possible and should not promote either order or equality. For example, libertarians
, grant the need for traffic laws to ensure safe and efficient automobile travel. But they oppose
laws requiring motorcycle riders to wear helmets, and the libertarian ethos in New Hampshire
keeps it the only state not requiring seat belts.
• Libertarians believe that social programs that provide food, clothing, and shelter are outside
the proper scope of government. Helping the needy, they insist, should be a matter of
individual choice.
• Libertarians also oppose government ownership of basic industries; in fact, they oppose any
government intervention in the economy
Do not confuse libertarians with liberals—or with liberalism, the John Locke- inspired doctrine
mentioned earlier. The words are similar, but their meanings are quite different. Libertarianism
draws on liberty as its root (following Locke) and means "absence of governmental constraint."
While both liberalism and libertarianism leave citizens free to pursue their private goals,
libertarianism treats freedom as a pure goal; it's liberalism on steroids. In American political
usage, liberalism evolved from the root word liberal in the sense of "freely," like a liberal
serving of butter. Liberals see a positive role for government in helping the disadvantaged. Over
time, liberal has come to mean something closer to generous, in the sen
6. Discuss how anarchism, liberalism, and totalitarianism each views the role of government
Anarchism • total freedom. Law of the Jungle.
• 0% governmentt.
• Laisser Faire.
• Not applicable.
Totalitarianism (Germany under Hitler and the Soviet Union under Stalin.)
• is the belief that government should have unlimited power. A totalitarian government
controls all sectors of society: business, labor, education, religion, sports, and the arts. A true
totalitarian favors a network of laws, rules, and regulations that guides every aspect of
individual behavior.
Liberalism • Power of the people to change laws. 1. wants freedom, kn ows laws are
needed, wants everyone equal.
