ONCOLOGY NCLEX EXAM REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving rituximab
(Rituxan) for treatment of lymphoma. It is essential for the nurse
to observe for which side effect?
A. Alopecia
B. Allergy
C. Fever
D. Chills Correct Answer B. Allergy is the most common side
effect. Although fever & chills are side effect of monoclonal
antibody therapy, they would not take priority over an allergic
response that could potentially involve the airway.
Which intervention will be most helpful in preventing disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
A. Monitoring platelets
B. Administering packed red blood cells
C. Using strict aseptic technique to prevent infection
D. Administering low-dose heparin therapy for clients on bedrest
Correct Answer C. Sepsis is a major cause of DIC, especially in
the oncology client. Heparin may be administered to clients with
,DIC who have developed clotting, but this has not been proven to
prevent the disorder.
When caring for a client with suspected SIADH, the nurse reviews
the medical record to uncover which signs and symptoms
consistent with this syndrome? (select all that apply)
A. Hyponatremia
B. Mental status changes
C. Azotemia
D. Bradycardia
E. Weakness Correct Answer a,b,e: ADH is secreted or produced
ectopically, resulting in water retention and sodium dilution which
causes confusion and changes in mental status and weakness.
Tachycardia may result from fluid volume excess.
The nurse anticipates administering which medication to treat
hyperuricemia associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
A.Recombinant erythropoietin (Procrit)
B. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
C. Potassium chloride
D. Radioactive iodine 131 Correct Answer B. Tumor lysis
syndrome results in hyperuricemia, Allopurinol decreases uric
acid production and is indicated in TLS.
,When caring for a client with cachexia, the nurse expects to note
which symptom?
A. Weight loss
B. Anemia
C. Bleeding tendencies
D. Motor deficits Correct Answer A. Cachexia results in extreme
body wasting and malnutrition. Severe weight loss is expected.
When caring for a client who has had a colostomy created as part
of a regimen to treat colon cancer, which activities would help to
support the client in accepting changes in appearance or
function? Select all that apply.
A. Explain to the client that the colostomy is only temporary.
B. Encourage the client to participate in changing the ostomy.
C. Obtain a psychiatric consultation.
D. Offer to have a person who is coping with a colostomy visit.
E. Encourage the client and family members to express their
feelings and concerns Correct Answer B,D,E
The nurse has received in report that the client receiving
chemotherapy has severe neutropenia. Which of the following
does the nurse plan to implement? Select all that apply.
A. Assess for fever.
B. Observe for bleeding.
, C. Administer pegfilgrastim (Neulasta).
D. Do not permit fresh flowers or plants in the room.
E. Do not allow his 16-year-old son to visit.
F. Teach the client to omit raw fruits and vegetables from his diet.
Correct Answer A,C,D,F: Any temperature elevation in a client
with neutropenia is considered a sign of infection and should be
reported immediately. Administration of biological response
modifiers, such as filgrastim (Neupogen) and pegfilgrastim
(Neulasta), is indicated in neutropenia to prevent infection and
sepsis.
All fruits and vegetables should be cooked well; raw fruits and
vegetables may harbor organisms, as well as Flowers and plants.
Thrombocytopenia cause bleeding, not low neutrophils.The client
is at risk for infection, not the visitors, if they are well. However,
very small children, who may get frequent colds and viral
infections, may pose a risk.
Which of the following findings would alarm the nurse when caring
for a client receiving chemotherapy who has a platelet count of
17,000/mm3?
A. Increasing shortness of breath
B. Diminished bilateral breath sounds
C. Change in mental status
D. Weight gain of 4 pounds in 1 day Correct Answer C. A change
in mental status could result from spontaneous bleeding; in this
case, a cerebral hemorrhage may have developed. Increasing
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving rituximab
(Rituxan) for treatment of lymphoma. It is essential for the nurse
to observe for which side effect?
A. Alopecia
B. Allergy
C. Fever
D. Chills Correct Answer B. Allergy is the most common side
effect. Although fever & chills are side effect of monoclonal
antibody therapy, they would not take priority over an allergic
response that could potentially involve the airway.
Which intervention will be most helpful in preventing disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
A. Monitoring platelets
B. Administering packed red blood cells
C. Using strict aseptic technique to prevent infection
D. Administering low-dose heparin therapy for clients on bedrest
Correct Answer C. Sepsis is a major cause of DIC, especially in
the oncology client. Heparin may be administered to clients with
,DIC who have developed clotting, but this has not been proven to
prevent the disorder.
When caring for a client with suspected SIADH, the nurse reviews
the medical record to uncover which signs and symptoms
consistent with this syndrome? (select all that apply)
A. Hyponatremia
B. Mental status changes
C. Azotemia
D. Bradycardia
E. Weakness Correct Answer a,b,e: ADH is secreted or produced
ectopically, resulting in water retention and sodium dilution which
causes confusion and changes in mental status and weakness.
Tachycardia may result from fluid volume excess.
The nurse anticipates administering which medication to treat
hyperuricemia associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
A.Recombinant erythropoietin (Procrit)
B. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
C. Potassium chloride
D. Radioactive iodine 131 Correct Answer B. Tumor lysis
syndrome results in hyperuricemia, Allopurinol decreases uric
acid production and is indicated in TLS.
,When caring for a client with cachexia, the nurse expects to note
which symptom?
A. Weight loss
B. Anemia
C. Bleeding tendencies
D. Motor deficits Correct Answer A. Cachexia results in extreme
body wasting and malnutrition. Severe weight loss is expected.
When caring for a client who has had a colostomy created as part
of a regimen to treat colon cancer, which activities would help to
support the client in accepting changes in appearance or
function? Select all that apply.
A. Explain to the client that the colostomy is only temporary.
B. Encourage the client to participate in changing the ostomy.
C. Obtain a psychiatric consultation.
D. Offer to have a person who is coping with a colostomy visit.
E. Encourage the client and family members to express their
feelings and concerns Correct Answer B,D,E
The nurse has received in report that the client receiving
chemotherapy has severe neutropenia. Which of the following
does the nurse plan to implement? Select all that apply.
A. Assess for fever.
B. Observe for bleeding.
, C. Administer pegfilgrastim (Neulasta).
D. Do not permit fresh flowers or plants in the room.
E. Do not allow his 16-year-old son to visit.
F. Teach the client to omit raw fruits and vegetables from his diet.
Correct Answer A,C,D,F: Any temperature elevation in a client
with neutropenia is considered a sign of infection and should be
reported immediately. Administration of biological response
modifiers, such as filgrastim (Neupogen) and pegfilgrastim
(Neulasta), is indicated in neutropenia to prevent infection and
sepsis.
All fruits and vegetables should be cooked well; raw fruits and
vegetables may harbor organisms, as well as Flowers and plants.
Thrombocytopenia cause bleeding, not low neutrophils.The client
is at risk for infection, not the visitors, if they are well. However,
very small children, who may get frequent colds and viral
infections, may pose a risk.
Which of the following findings would alarm the nurse when caring
for a client receiving chemotherapy who has a platelet count of
17,000/mm3?
A. Increasing shortness of breath
B. Diminished bilateral breath sounds
C. Change in mental status
D. Weight gain of 4 pounds in 1 day Correct Answer C. A change
in mental status could result from spontaneous bleeding; in this
case, a cerebral hemorrhage may have developed. Increasing
